Zsidósors Délkelet-Dunántúlon a XVIII. századtól a holocaustig (Kaposvár, 1994)

Szili Ferenc: Somogy megye második világháborús zsidó áldozatainak községsoros névjegyzéke és főbb adatai

TOE JEWS' LOT IN SOUTH-EAST TRANSDANUBIA FROM THE 18th CENTURY TILL THE HOLOCAUST

RÉSUMÉ

Nagy Pál: The Jews of Somogy county at the age of Maria Theresa The Jews moved in Somogy county late. A bigger migration started out from Rohonc in the 1740s. Their first communities worth taking note of formed in Marcali and Büssü, later Tab, Toponár, Szil and Szigetvár became their most important centers. The other two sources of their migration; Baranya county in the first half of the 1750s, Moravia from the 1770s. Not even in 1783 did the Jews' number exceed 1 percent of the whole population, but their functional importance was many times greater than their demographical proportion. In contrast with the traditional-patriarchal structure of the society of Estates they represented a profit-oriented, more civic scale of values, while in comparison with the Jews living in the more developed regions of Hungary their communities were more rural and poorer. For a short while pearl-ash burning gave them a chance to make good, but Maria Theresa’s statutes to ban export put them off this course. Their general situation was arranged by the Systematica Gentis Judaicae Regulatio issued in 1783 and it opened a new phase of development in the life of the Jews of Somogy county too.

Szilágyi Mihály: The formation of Jewish communities in Tolna in the 18th century In Tolna in the first half of the 18th century we can come upon the first Jewish communities in Bonyhád and Paks. They moved in from Czech, Moravian and Polish regions. In a short while they played an indispensible role in economy. In his study the author touches upon the autonomy and religious life of the Jewish communities. He draws a picture of the hierarchy of the Jewish community and the role of the rabbis to keep the community together. Bonyhád, the Jewish center of the Völgység district, was an economic center of regional importance where there was a division of labor between the immigrated Jews and the Germans. Is his contemporary description Egyed Antal, the vicar of Bonyhád, gives interesting information about the way of life, the customs and the religious life of the Jews living in the county.

Szili Ferenc. The commercial activity of the Jews in Somogy in the period of the late feudalism

Although the author examines the Jews’ commercial activity, he also draws a picture of their demographical, social and cultural relations. The Jews took an active part in forming the bourgeois society, in the process of the original accumulation of capital. From the last third of the 18th century there was a radical change in commerce too. The Greek merchants lost their hegemony and they were superseded by the Jews because their ability to adjust surpassed that of the Greeks. They were the hucksters, but at the same time they were present at fairs of both local and national importance. Through stockpiling the wealthier ones flowed into foreign trade as well. The capital they obtained was not invested in real estates but in business enterprises. Therefore right through the accumulation of commercial capital they played a decisive role in the capitalist transformation of the Hungarian feudal social and economic structure.

Rozsos István: Kaposi Mór (1837-1902)

In his study the author draws up the career of a scholarly physician Kaposi (Kohn) Mór. In reference to the Lexicon of the Jews issued in 1929, „In his field in dermatology he was one of the most well-known and respected men in the world, the school created by him had followers all over the world.” He discovered one of the rare types of skin cancer - the Kaposi-sarcoma. As the creator of a new school he had a decisive influence on the development of dermatology of his own age all across the world. His memory is particularly cherished in Austria where he lived and worked, but in Hungary where he was born he is respected too and his scientific work is acknowledged. In Kaposvár the County Hospital was named after Kaposi Mór.

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