Folia Theologica 11. (2000)

Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi: The Character of Juridical Personality of Monastery as a Community of Persons up to the 13th Century

THE CHARACTER OF JURIDICAL PERSONALITY

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The regulation of external activity affected mainly the orders that lived the vita mixta and the vita activa. The canonical orders (vid. Nor- bertine)26 27 and mendicant orders (vid. Dominican, Franciscan)28 fall under the first category, and the hospitaller and military orders are of the second type.29 The external activity had to be regulated because this affected the jurisdiction proper to the bishop.30 The public character of religious churches was the most problematic (see C 18 q. 2 c. 6).31 Bernard of Montemirato32 dealt with this question33 in his commentary on

in G. Holmes (ed.), The Oxford History of Medieval Europe, Oxford 1992, 109-164, especially 120-124.

26 E. Fügedi, Koldulórendek és városfejlődés Magyarországon, in E. FÜGEDI, Koldulórendek, polgárok, nemesek, Budapest 1981, 57-88, especially 57-58 and 72-87.

27 See F. Petit, La spiritualité des prémontrés aux XIIe et XIIIe sides, Paris 1947, 197-200, 210-212; B. Ardura, Prémontrés, Histoire et Spiritualité (Travaux et Recherches VII), [w.p.] 1995, 18-20. About the canonican life and Saint Augustin’s Rule see Ch. Giroud, L’Ordre des Chanoines réguliers de Saint-Augustin et ses diverses formes de régime interne, Martigny 1961, 37-41.

28 M. Heimbucher, Die Orden und Kongregationen der katholischen Kirche, I, Paderborn 1933. (repr. 1965), 469-481.

29 V. Appeltern, Compendium praelectionum juris regularis, Tornaci [w.y.], 16-17.

30 For example Clem. 3. 11. 1.

31 “Luminoso abbate referente plurimis in monasteriis multa a presulibus prei- udicia atque grauamina monachos pertulisse cognouimus. Oportet ergo, ut tuae fraternitatis prouisio de futura quiete eorum salubri disponat ordinatione, quatinus conuersantes in illis in Dei seruitio, gratia illis suffragante, mente libera perseuerent. Missas quoque publicas in cenobio fieri omnimodo prohibemus, ne in Dei seruorum recessibus, et eorum receptaculis ulla popularis prebeatur occasio conuentus, quia non expedit animabus eorum. Nec audeat ibi episcopus cathedram collocare, uel quamlibet potestatem exercere imperandi, nec aliquam ordinationem, quamuis leyissimam...”, Friedberg, Corpus luris (nt.9), tom. I, col. 830.

32 Lexikon des Mittelalters, München-Zürich 1977—, tom. I, 2001; P. Erdő, Introductio in historiam scientiae canonicae. Praenotanda ad Codicem, Roma 1990, 88; G. Le Bras, L'age classique, 1140-1378 (Histoire du Droit et des Institutions de l’Eglise en Occident VII), Paris 1965, 315; A. García Y GARCÍA, La Canonistica Ibérica (1150-1250) en la investigación reciente, in Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 11 (1981) 43—75, especially 46—48.

33 “Ecclesia, in qua fuit monasterium, debet de iure communi illi, ecclesiae esse subiecta, in cuius parochia est fundata, hic autem non potuit obtinere, qua se. ap. obtinebat. Scrutoque s. fiunt ante susceptionem baptismi a baptizandis, s. credis in Deum, huiusmod. de cod. di. 4. prima. Similibus, ut institutione, et distinctione. et ex hoc no. quo cum aliqua specificantur de hos, qui pertinent ad ali-