Folia Theologica et Canonica 11. 33/25 (2022)
Ius canonicum
150 SZABOLCS ANZELM SZUROMI, O.Praem. internal and the external forum may have an effect, determined by law, which affects the other forum.4 I. The definition of justice and mercy Justice (from a human perspective), summarizing the Church’s position in different epochs and in different contexts, yet united, is the right action which is in accordance with the order established by God.5 Among the most influential church fathers, whose works have had a significant influence on the canonical content of canon law collections, I like to mention here only St. Ambrose (f397), St. Augustine (1*430), and Pope Gregory the Great (590-604). St. Ambrose6 7 speaks about justice in the context of the cardinal virtues. He emphasizes in his definition the equal consideration of the members of the community in his work De officiis.1 St. Augustine8 also analyses justice in the context of the cardinal virtues9, using the argument of Cicero (f43 B.C.)10 who considers the most outstanding virtue to be the good {bonum) and worthy {dignum) assertion {assertio), decision {decisio), action {actio), in which justice {iustitia) is manifested.11 12 Saint Augustine, in his work on free will, makes a special reference to the fact that the exercise of true justice requires a faithful spirit which accepts that true justice comes from God and always includes mercy and compassion {dementia).'2 4 Erdő, R, Egyházjog, 156; in detail cf. Ickx, J., “Ipsa vem officii maiorispoenitentiarii institution non reperitur?” La nascita di un tribunal della coscienza, in Sodi, M. - Ickx, J. (a cura di.), La Penitenzieria Apostolica e il Sacramento della Penitenza. Persorsi storici - giuridici - teologici eprospettivepastorali (Monumenta Studia Instrumenta Liturgica 55), Cittä del Vaticano 2009. 19-50, especially 41-48. 5 Cf. A. Michel, Justice originelle, probléme théologique, in Vacant, A. — Mangenot, E. - Amann, É. (ed.), Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique, VIII/2. Paris 1925. 2020-2042, especially 2021. 6 Di Berardino, A. - Quasten, J. (ed.), Patrology, IV: The Golden Age of Latin Patristic Literature From the Council of Nicea to the Council of Chalcedon (transi. Solari, P.), Westminster, Maryland 1986. 144-152. 7 S. Ambrosius, De officii, I c. 24 n. 115: Patrologia completus. Series Latina, ed. Migne, I.-R, I-CCXXI, Lutetiae Parisiorum 1844-1864 (hereafter: PL) XVI. 62; cf. Baucher, J., Justice (vertu de), vertu cardinale, in Vacant, A. - Mangenot, E. - Amann, É. (ed.), Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique, VIII/2. 2001-2020, especially 2017. Di Berardino, A. — Quasten, J. (ed.), Patrology, IV. 166-167. 8 Di Berardino, A. - Quasten, J. (ed.), Patrology, IV. 342-355. 9 S. Augustinus, De diversis questionibus LXXXIII, q. 31: PL XL. 20-21; cf. Baucher, J., Justice (vertu de), vertu cardinale, 2017. 10 Everitt, A., Cicero: the life and times of Rome 's greatest politician, New York 2001. 11 Marcus Tullius Cicero, De officiis, Cambridge, MA. 1913: I. c. 7 n. 20; cf. Baucher, J., Justice (vertu de), vertu cardinale, 2017. 12 S. Augustinus, De libero arbitrio, I. c. 13 n. 27: PL XXXII. 1235; cf. Baucher, J., Justice (vertu de), vertu cardinale, 2017. Di Berardino, A. - Quasten, J. (ed.), Patrology, IV. 360.
