Folia Theologica et Canonica 6. 28/20 (2017)

IUS CANONICUM - Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi, O.Praem., Historical development of the aggravating and extenuating circumstances in the canonical penal law

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGGRAVATING AND EXTENUATING... 245

cation, which is rooted basically in Roman law sources, enlightens how the canonical system became more close to this technic since that time when the Dec- return Grutiani was composed.17 * It has become part of the elementary canonical theory on law, preserving its “sacred” character.'*

Naturally, we cannot forget the decisions and letters of Pope Nicolaus I (f867), Pope Urban II ( 1088-1099), Alexander III ( 1159-1181 ), Lucius III ( 1181-1 185), Celestine III (1187-1191), Innocent III (1198-1216), Boniface Vili ( 1298— 1303), Gregory IX ( 1227-1241 ) - particularly his letter to Pragh in I22719 and his letter to Toledo in 12272" -, and Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471-1484). Among the general councils have to be listed the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), the Second Council of Lyon ( 1274), and eminently, the Council of Trent ( 1545-1563).

III. The CANONICAL COLLECTIONS AND THEIR CONTENTS

The “panorama” of those collections which contain significant disciplinary material for interpretation the aggravating and extenuating circumstances in the canonical penal process is really wide, from the Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana1', through the Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae21 22 23, the Decretimi Burchardi Worma- tiensis”, the Collectio Canonum Anseimi Lucensis24, the Polycarpus25, until the

17 Meyer, Ch. H. F.. Die Distinktionstechnik in der Kanonistik des 12. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte des Hochmittelalters (Mediaevalia Lovaniensia I/XXIX), Leuven 2000.

IS Cf. Etymologiarum 5.8: Oroz Reta, J. - Marcos Casquero, M-A. - Diaz y Dy az, M. C. (dir.), San Isidora de Sevilla, Etimologías, 11.512.

19 Potthast, A. (ed.), Regesta Pontificum Romanorum inde ah a. post Christum natum MCXCVlll ad a. MCCCIV, I—II. Berlin 1875 (repr. Graz 1957; hereafter: Potthast), n. 9611.

2° potthast n. 9684.

21 Erdö, P., Storia delle Fonti del Diritto Canonico, 50-51. Szuromi, Sz. A., Pre-Gratian Medieval Canonica! Collections - Texts, Manuscripts, Concepts - (Aus Recht und Religion 18), Berlin 2014. 25.

22 Kéry, L., Canonical Collections of the Early Middle Ages (ca. 400-1140). A Bibliographical Guide to the Manuscripts and Literature (History of Medieval Canon Law), Washington, D.C. 1999. 100-114. Erdő, P„ Storia delle Fonti del Diritto Canonico, 81-83.

23 Hoffmann, H. - Pokorny, R., Das Dekret des Bischofs Burchard von Worms. Textstufen - Frühe Verbreitung - Vorlagen (MGH Hilfsmittel 12), München 1991. Austin, G., Shaping church law around the year 1000. The Decretum of Worms (Church, Faith and Culture in the Medieval West), Aldershot 2009.

24 Szuromi, Sz. A., Anselm of Lucca as a Canonist (Adnotationes in lus Canonicum 34). Frankfurt am Main 2006. Szuromi, Sz. A., Anseimo de Lucca [Collectio], in Otaduy, J. - Viana, A. - Sedano, J. (dir.), Diccionario Genera! de Derecho Canònico, I. Pamplona 2012. 353-355.

25 Horst, U.. Die Kammes Sammlung „ Polycarpus” des Gregor von S. Grisogono. Quellen und Tendenzen (MGH Hilfsmittel 5), München 1980. Motta. G.. Notivi identificazioni nella collezione canonica della «Polycarpus», in Aevum 57 ( 1983) 232-244.