Folia Theologica et Canonica 6. 28/20 (2017)

IUS CANONICUM - Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi, O.Praem., An overview on the international relations of the Holy See since the ‘Roman question' until 1967, correlated with the first codification (1917)

SZABOLCS ANZELM SZUROMI, O.PRAEM.

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problem of ‘Roman Question’ - had risen from 17 (in 1914) to 27 (in 1922), including the diplomatic relationship with France, Great Britain and Germany. The World War I (July 28,h 1914 - November 1 llh 1918) had overshadow the papacy of Benedict XV, however - as I have underlined - particularly during that dark time the Holy Father was able to express his governing, pastoral, and international diplomatic activity, which clearly approved the Holy See’s active membership in the international law and relations, improve that expressively, with the promulgation of the Code of Canon Law, as masterpiece of his reign.

The Great War had changed the political map of the world25, which resulted in a more accurate juridical partition of the duties of Church and State and the cessation of official Christian state administration, with some exceptions, such as England26, Ireland27, and Greece.28 The Church however preserved for the most part of her participation in public areas of education and social welfare; furthermore state approved and supported pastoral matters such as the armed forces, university, hospital pastoral service, or prison ministry.29 In individual countries, depending on the internal political situation, the legal foundation of the separation of Church and State took place with different intensity and degree.30

II. The Secretariat of State and the Legates of the Roman Pontiff

Only four years after his Motu Proprio Arduum sane munus (March 19,h 1904)31 on the codification process, Pope Saint Pius X had regulated the law of the Secretariat of State by his Constitution Sapientia Consilio (June 29th 1908).32 It had become the primary source for the CIC (1917) Can. 263.33 Following the apos25 In detailed, cf. Szuromi, Sz. A., The Changes of Modern Era Relation of Church and State in Europe, in Folia Canonica 8 (2005) 65-77.

26 Garbett, e., The Church and State in England, London 1950. 122-155.

27 Me Donagh, E., Church and State in the Constitution of Ireland, in The Irish Theological Quarterly 28(1961)131-144.

28 Podskalsky, G„ Kirche und Staat in Griechenland, in Trierer theologische Zeitschrift 76 (1967) 298-322.

29 Szuromi, Sz. A., The Changes of Modern Era, 68.

30 Brière, Y., Concordats postérieurs a la Grande Guerra, in Naz, R. (ed.), Dictionnaire de droit canonique, III. Paris 1942. 1431-1472; cf. Leisner, W., Geglaubtes Recht. Säkularisierte religiöse Grundlagen der Demokratie, in Insensee, J. - Rees, W. - Rüfner, W. (Hrsg.), Dem Staate, was des Staates - der Kirche, was der Kirche ist. Festschrift für Joseph Listi zum 70. Geburstag (Staatskirchenrechtliche Abhandlungen 33), Berlin 1999. 115-128.

31 Erdő, P., Egyházjog (Szent István Kézikönyvek 7), Budapest 2014.5 237-239. Szuromi, Sz. A., Az egyházi intézményrendszer története (Szent István Kézikönyvek 15), Budapest 2017. 318.

32 Feliciani, G., La riforma pastorale delia Curia Romana, in Brugnotto, G. - Romanato, G. (a cura di), Rirorma del Cattolicesimo?, 285-292, especially 288-291.

33 Cf. Koeniger, A. M., Katholisches Kirchenrecht mit Berücksichtigung des deutschen Staatskirchenrechts (Herder Theologische Grundrisse), Freiburg im Breisgau 1926. 202-206.