Folia Canonica 11. (2008)
PROCEEDINGS OF TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. "Questioni attuali intorno al Battesimo" Budapest, 4th February 2008 - Michael Carragher: Intention of the Minister as Substantive Element of Baptism
224 MICHAEL CARRAGHER 1 1. May a person baptize himself?22 The sacrament of Baptism is accomplished in the use of the matter, and consequently no one can baptize himself, because the same cannot be active and passive in a sacrament. Hence neither in this sacrament (the Eucharist) docs the priest consecrate himself, but he consecrates the bread and wine, in which consecration the sacrament is completed. But the use thereof follows the sacrament, and therefore there is no parallel. 12. May a minister baptize children of unbelieversP32 33 34 If, however, they have not yet the use of free-will, according to the natural law they are under the care of their parents as long as they cannot look after themselves. For which reason we say that even the children of the ancients “were saved through the faith of their parents.” Wherefore it would be contrary to natural justice if such children were baptized against their parents’ will; just as it would be if one having the use of reason were against his will. Moreover under the circumstances it would be dangerous to baptize the children of unbelievers; for they would be liable to lapse into unbelief, by reason of their natural affection for their parents. Therefore it is not the custom of the Church to baptize the children of unbelievers against their parents’ will. 13. May a minister baptize children of unwilling parents24 It is not right to rescue a man from death of the body against the order of civil law; for instance, if a man be condemned to death by the judge who has tried him, none should use force in order to rescue him from death. Consequently, neither should anyone infringe the order of the natural law, in virtue of which a child is under the care of its father, in order to rescue it from the danger of death. 32 Summa Theologiae 111, q. 82, art.4. ad 2. Ad secundum dicendum quod sacramentum baptismi perficitur in ipso usu materiae. Et ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum, quia in sacramento non potest esse idem agens et patiens. Unde nec in hoc sacramento sacerdos consecrat seipsum, sed panem et vinum, in qua consecratione conficitur hoc sacramentum. Usus autem sacramenti est consequenter se habens ad hoc sacramentum. Et ideo non est simile. 33 Summa Theologiae 111, 68, a. 10. Respondeo dicendum quod pueri infidelium filii aut habent usum rationis, aut non habent. Si autem habent, iam, quantum ad ea quae sunt iuris divini vel naturalis, incipiunt suae potestatis esse. Et ideo propria voluntate, invitis parentibus, possunt baptismum suscipere, sicut et matrimonium contrahere. Et ideo tales licite moneri possunt et induci ad suscipiendum baptismum. Si vero nondum habent usum liberi arbitrii, secundum ius naturale sunt sub cura parentum, quandiu ipsi sibi providere non possunt. Unde etiam et de pueris antiquorum dicitur quod salvabantur in fide parentum. Et ideo contra iustitiam naturalem esset si tales pueri, invitis parentibus, baptizarentur, sicut etiam si aliquis habens usum rationis baptizaretur invitus. Esset etiam periculosum taliter filios infidelium baptizare, quia de facili ad infidelitatem redirent, propter naturalem affectum ad parentes. Et ideo non habet hoc ecclesiae consuetudo, quod filii infidelium, invitis parentibus, baptizentur. 34 Summa Theologiae 111, 68, a. 10 ad 1. Ad primum ergo dicendum quod a morte corporali non est aliquis eripiendus contra ordinem iuris civilis, puta, si aliquis a suo iudice condemnetur ad mortem, nullus debet eum violenter a morte eripere. Unde nec aliquis debet irrumpere ordinem iuris naturae, quo filius est sub cura patris, ut eum liberet a periculo mortis aeternae.
