Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 21. (Budapest, 1988)

5. Genital pore bifurcal, slightly prebifurcal or postbifurcal 6 - Genital pore near to pharynx Helostomatinae 6. Testes pre-equatorial * 7 - Testes in middle zone 10 7. Testes horizontal '. 8 - Testes tandem Microrchiinae 8. Testes round in outline 9 - Testes branched Cladorchiinae 9. Vitelline follicules post-testicular Caballeroiinae Vitelline follicules along body sides Pisciamphistominae 10. Testes tandem or diagonal 11 - Testes horizontal .14 11. Excretory bladder post-testicular 12 - Excretory bladder- intertesticular Solenorchiinae 12. Testes spherical or lobate 13 - Testes branched Stichorchiinae 13. Testes deeply lobed, vitelline follicules lateral, parasitic in reptiles , Nematophiliinae - Testes slightly lobed, vitelline follicules lateral, parasitic in fishes Orientodiscinae - Testes spherical or slightly lobed, vitelline follicules lateral, parasitic in mammals Chiorchiinae - Testes spherical or slightly lobed, vitelline follicules lateral or post-testicular, parasitic in reptiles Schizamphistominae - Testes entire or slightly lobed, vitelline follicules confined post-testicular zone Dadaytrematinae 14. Vitelline follicules lateral Pfenderiinae - Vitelline follicules post-testicular Caballerodiscinae The other developmental line of the Paramphistomata, determined by the apomorphic feature (absence of cirrus pouch) is the monophyletic taxon Paramphistomoidea (Fig. 1). Examinations aiming at the recognition of the equal taxonomic subgroups (families) within the taxon clearly showed the necessity of designation of a new family (Zygocotylidae fam. n. ), beside uphelding the validity of the families set up previously (Gastrothylacidae, Paramphistomidae). In the representatives of the taxon, the mosaic nature of the plesiomorphic characters (presence of pharyngeal appendages, position of excretory pore, habitat, in part) and apomorphic characters (absence of cirrus pouch, habitat, in part) can be observed. It comprises five equal ranks of taxa (subfamilies) whose monophyly is determined by the position of testes and the structure of the pharyngeal appendages. Phyletic relationships are indicated by the cladogram (Fig. 3) and the following key is given for differentiation of the families and the subfamilies of the taxon Zygocotylidae. 1. Primary pharyngeal sacs present, no crossing of excretory and Laurer's canal . Zygocotylidae 2. Primary pharyngeal sacs absent, ventral pouch present, no crossing of excretory duct and Laurer's canal Gastrothylacidae 3. Primary pharyngeal sacs and ventral pouch absent, excretory duct and Laurer's canal either cross or do not cross each other Paramphistomidae Key to subfamilies of Zygocotylidae 1. Pharynx with primary pharyngeal sacs 2 - Pharynx with pharyngeal bulb and secondary pharyngeal sacs 4 2. Pharynx with oesophagus having regular structure 3 - Pharynx with muscular oesophagus Olveriinae 3. Pharynx with paired primary pharyngeal sacs Zygocotylinae - Pharynx with unpaired primary pharyngeal sacs Stephanopharynginae 4. Testes horizontal Pseudodiscinae - Testes tandem Watsoniinae