Dr. Murai Éva szerk.: Parasitologia Hungarica 14. (Budapest, 1982)
type of genital opening (Fig. 9). Ventral pouch is triangular with dorsally directed apex. Intermediate hosts are Planorbid snails (Indoplanorbis exustus and Gyraulus convexiusculus in India; Gyraulus albus in the USSR). Gastrothylax compressus Brandes, 1898 (Fig. 10) It was found once in the samples; it has Gastrothylax-type of pharynx, Gracile-type of genital opening and Carmyerius-type of acetabulum (Fig. 10). Ventral pouch triangular with dorsally directed apex. This species has been regarded to be synonymous with G. crumenifer for a long time but the histomorphological structure of the acetabulum differs from that species. It is a new species for Iran. Its intermediate host is unknown. Carmyerius spatiosus (Brandes, 1898) It was found in the sample collected in the south of Iran from sheep. This material contributed to the clarification of its specific features (SEY, 1982b). Examinations showed that it has Gastrothylax-type of pharynx, Gracile-type of genital opening and Carmyerius-type of acetabulum. Ventral pouch is either triangular with blunt angles or circular. It is a new species for Iran. Intermediate host is unknown . Calicophoron papillosum (Stiles et Goldberger, 1910) (Figs, 11-12) This species was obtained in one sample of the available material. It has Calicophoron-type of pharynx and acetabulum (Fig. 11). The genital opening represents a new type of which the Papillosum name is proposed (Fig. 12). At the histomorphological examinations of this species, done by NASMARK (1937) the test material seemingly was not available for him; GUPTA (1965), who examined it histomorphologically, did not typify the genital opening. It is a new species for Iran. Intermediate host is unknown. Gigantocotyle explanatum (Creplin, 1847) (Figs. 13-15) This fluke is a parasite of the bile vessels of the liver. It has Explanatum-type of pharynx (Fig. 13), genital opening (Fig. 14) and acetabulum (Fig. 15). Our study material was collected from cattle imported from Afghanistan, Pakistan or India. At the same time, it was not found in the local stock of that area. In spite of this fact, it may be regarded to be a species of Iranian distribution because it may be found both in the eastern (Afghanistan, KOTRLA et al. 1976) and western (Iraq, KADHIM et al. 1970) neighbouring countries. Intermediate hosts are Indoplanorbis exustus and Gyraulus convexiusculus in India. Orthocoelium scoliocoelium (Fischoeder, 1904) (Figs. 16-18) It was found in two samples of the study material; it is a new species for Iran. It has Dicranocoeliumtype of pharynx (Fig. 16), Scoliocoelium-type of genital opening (Fig. 17) and Streptoeoelium-type of acetabulum (Fig. 18). The intermediate hosts are Planorbid snails (Anisus natalensis in Africa; Bithynia pulchella in India). Zoogeographical affinities of the Iranian amphistomes The territory of Iran, in a zoogeographical sense, is situated in the Palaearctic region and in the south-eastern part of the Mediterranean area; close to the Oriental and not too distant from the Ethiopian regions. This position of the country is reflected by the species composition of the amphistomes recovered by earlier and the present authors. Our examinations revealed five new species for the country (Paramphistomum gracile , Gastrothylax compressus, Carmyerius spatiosus, Cali cophoron papillosum , Orthocoelium scoliocoelium ). RAFYI
