Vízrajzi Évkönyv 99., 1994 (Budapest, 1995)
Tartalomjegyzék
FOREWORD This volume of Hydrographic Yearbooks is published in the 110th year of existence of Hungarian Hydrographic Service. In this country the first organization responsible for the measurement and evaluation of tire country’s hydrographic data and for flood prediction was tire Hydrographic Section, established in 1886 by tire Ministry of Public Works and Transportation. In accordance with changes in economic conditions and in requirements imposed against hydrographic activities, since 1886 the organization of tire hydrographic service underwent several changes: dre tasks of hydrography were performed from 1890 by tire Hydrographic Section of tire Ministry of Agriculture and later of the National Directorate of Hydraulic Construction of this Ministry, between 1929 and 1948 by the Hydrographic Institute sponsored by tire Ministry of Agriculture, between 1948 and 1952 by different organizations of the water sector, between 1952 and 1976 by tire Research Institute for Water Resources Development while since 1976 they have been managed by tire Hydrographic Institute of tire Research Centre for Water Resources Development (since 1993 Water Resouces Research Pic.) and by district water authorities. During tire past century tire hydrographic service managed the acquisition for basic hydrographic information required protection against floods and for water utilization. A part of hydrographic data is published in Hydrographic Yearbooks. The Hydrographic Yearbooks have been published with tire aim of summarizing, disseminating, occasionally illustrating tire main data characterizing tire hydrological measurement and observation system, as well as tire hydrological conditions in Hungary over the year, further of analysing tire hydrological events and tire variations thereof. Tire Hydrographic Yearbook comprises accordingly a chapter presenting meteorological stations stream gages, shallow groundwater wells, deep wells (on artesian- and karstic waters), and springs and tire filing data of tire networks. Tire main particulars of the hydrological and meteorological networks operated by tire district water authorities and tire National Meteorological Service have been tabulated. The areal pattern of tire stations within tire network is shown on tire maps attached to tire Yearbook. The chapter entitled "Hydrological conditions over the year" describes dre precipitation and air temperature characteristics, dre evaporation conditions, the hydrological characteristics of surface waters, presents data on ice conditions and depths over fords, on dre inundadons caused by undrained surface runoff on pumped drainage, further dre main hydrological characteristics of unconfined groundwater, springs and deep aquifers. Tire chapter entitled "Hydrometeorological data" contains informations about tire rainfall and evaporation conditions in Hungary over tire year. Tire chapter on surface waters contains tire daily stages on 156 gages, tire daily discharge through 52 gaging cross section, further tire water temperatures measured at 48 gages. Information is presented further on tire sediment- and ice regimes on tire major rivers, as well as on tire variations in tire depth over tire fords on tire Danube. In tire cross sections where tire streanrflow rate is influenced significantly by surface slope, the streanrflow has been determined in terms of the stage and surface slope, attaching also tire auxiliary tabulations needed for tire calculation. The data have been plotted in the fonrr of stage hydrographs and diagrams showing tire variations of cross-sections, water- and air temperatures, ice conditions and depths over tire fords. Tire chapter an subfurface waters contains tire water levels in shallow, artesian and carstic wells, tire hydrographs of some wells, tire nrap showing tire areal variations of tire groundwater table and tire yields of some typical springs. Tire hydrological observation- and measuring network belongs to the water authorities, where most of the observation data and records have been processed. The meteorological data has been irrade available by tire National Meteorological Service. Conrments on tire present voluirre by the users of the Yearbook are invited and will be appreciated. Budapest, September 1995. Dr. Lajos 1 V i c s i c s scientific adviser Púi Liebe Director Hydrology Institut Prof. Dr. Ödön Starosolszky Director General Water Resources Research Pic.- 10 -
