Vízrajzi Évkönyv 78., 1973 (Budapest, 1975)
Tartalomjegyzék
Calculation and tabulation of data have been processed by a computer. 7. / Concerning the ice conditions in winter, a summarized information is given for the rivers in the Danube and Tisza valleys. From the figures, the dates and durations of drifting ice and of solid ice cover may be determined, showing also ice thickness as reported by the observes. As a supplement, water and air temperature data of some stations are added. 8. / The characteristic data of sediment discharge /both those of the year in question, and those of longer preceeding periods/ are computed values based on observed data. Extreme values, are considered those corresponding to the highest river stages occurred up to now, or, respectively, within the year in question. The sites where sediment measurements were carried out in the course of the year, are plotted on the chart given at the end of the Annual. 9. / For the sake of keeping a recorder navigability conditions, a graphical presentation of the shallows conditions on the Danube and the Tisza is given. Due to lack of space, only the most unfavourable shallows /fords/ are presented for each river reach. On the figures, the depths of the shallows are illustrated by using various types of hatching. For facilitating the study of existing correlations, also stage hydrographs of river gauges used basically for the purposes of navigation are shown. In addition, there are frequency and duration curves for the occurence of various depths within given river reaches. Durations have been compared, in the case of the Danube, to average duration values from the period beginning with 1949, and, in the case of the Tisza, to those of the period beginning with 1946, or 1960, respectively. III. Subsurface waters. 1. / In respect of characteristic ground-water stages it is noted, that, in the Annual, only observation data from the most important stations of the national groundwater gauge network ape printed according to the hydrological year, by using the watershed subdivision outlined in chapter A. 7. However, at the end of the individual groups, all the other observing stations are listed, together with the year at which observations were started /in parentheses/. The hydrological year, beginning on the first of November, is numbered according to the calendar year with which its major part is coinciding. In addition to the characteristic groundwater level data of the year, the monthly and annual ave - rages as well as extreme values for the previous 5 years and for the decade 1954-1963 are presented,further, the extreme values of groundwater level fluctuations ever recorded, together with the date of occurrence . The type of well is referred by the code number written in the adequate column, namely, number 1 means unconfined groundwater, while number 2 confined groundwater. In case the code number is not indicated, establi shment of the type is under work. Concerning the locations of the observing wells, information is found on the chart at the end of the Annual, while the retrieving of data is facilitated in chapter A. 1. by the lists of stations yielding information in an alphabetical order and in a serial sequence as well. 2. /Under the title "Some groundwater stage curves" one will find a graphical presentation, for a number of characteristic groundwater-gauging wells, showing on the hand, the monthly, annual and normal water levels together with their extreme values for the last 20 years; and, on the other hand, from various regions of the country /mainly, however, from the region East of the Tisza/ for some more important wells, there are stage hydrographs for the year in question, supplemented by monthly extreme values obrecorded so far. 3. / The maps printed within this chapter, illustrate the pattern of spatial distribution of the ground- water table, or, the deviation of the mean annual groundwater stage from its normal value, mainly for the area of the Great Hungarian Plains. For the sake of information, the average depth groundwater table below the surface was plotted too. 4. / In this chapter, the data of yield measurements of springs are presented in the same sequence as used for groundwater gauging stations. The denominations used for designing the springs are partly names taken from existing maps, and partly only names used by the local population. Altitude data, above sea level, are originating in some cases, from existing maps and, in the remaining cases, have been obtained by levellings carried out in respect of the spring threshold. Concerning temperature and electric conductivity of the spring water, extreme values of measurements taken during the year are presented. Only data of springs have been incorporated, the yield of which has been measured at least during six months. When, within a period of a month, more than two measurements have been carried out on the spring, in question, then the extreme values of these measurements were printed. In case of springs equipped with a recorder the extremes given are actual values. In addition, recorded extremes of the yield are presented. Springs or, respectively, groups of springs, are marked also on the map to be found at the end of the volume. In the symbol is encased form, the numerator denotes the serial number of the spring group and the denominator the number of the springs within the group. — 16 —
