Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 88. (Budapest 1996)

Bajzáth, J.: Plant macrofossils from Hungarian Pleistocene II. Angiospermatophyta in Győrújfalu, West Hungary

Carex pseudocyperus LINNAEUS, 1753 (Fig. 14) Description: The achenes are 2.5 mm in length and 1.75 mm in width with 0.5 mm long beak. The shape is triangulate and elliptic. Toward the summit and the base it is tapering (Fig 14). Discussion: This species occurred more or less continuously from the Pliocene in Europe. Carex riparia CURTIS, 1783 (Fig. 15) Description: The achenes are 2-2.2 mm x 0.7-1.2 mm in size with short, 0.2 mm beak. The shape is triangulate and elliptic. The shoulder of the achenes is angulate (Fig 15). Discussion: It occurred in the Pliocene and in the Pleistocene interglacial deposits in Europe. Carex rostrata STOKES, 1787 (Figs 19-20) Description: The achenes are 2.25-2.6 mm in length and 1-1.2 mm in width with 0.8 mm long beak. The shape is triangulate and obovate (Figs 19-20). Discussion: It is very common fossil in Quaternary deposits but in the interglacials it is more frequent in Europe. Carex sp. Description: The achenes are in their utriculus. The length is 2-2.5 mm, the width is 1.25-1.5 mm. The fruits are charred, with short beak. The shape is obovate-rounded. The base of the achenes is strong. They are not flattened. Discussion: These fruits are very similar to the C. data-type. Schoenoplectus lacustris (LINNAEUS) PALLA, 1888 (Fig. 16) Description: The measure of achene is 3.1 mm x 2 mm. The shape of the achene is amphora-like (Fig 16). Discussion: This species is very common in the Pleistocene interglacial deposits in Europe. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. GMELIN) PALLA, 1888 Description: The rounded obovate achenes with beak are 2-2.25 mm long and 1-1.2 mm wide. Discussion: Like Schoenoplectus lacustris this species is common in Europe but scarce in the Pleistocene interglacial and Late-Glacial layers. Scirpus sylvaticus LINNAEUS, 1753 Description: The very flattened but triangulate, fragile, small achenes arc 1.5-1.6 mm long and 1 mm wide. The summit and the base are cuneate. Discussion: This species was already reported from the Middle Miocene in Poland (LANCUCKA-SRODONOWA 1966). In the Pleistocene it occurred in the interglacial layers in Europe. Scirpus sp. Description: The achenes are 2-2.1 mm long and 1 mm in width. The shape is long obovate. Toward the strong base their shape are tapering and cuneate. The achenes are charred. Discussion: It is very similar to Dulichium marginatum (C. et E. M. REID) DOROFEEV, 1963 but the stalk of Scirpus sp. is broader.