Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 87. (Budapest 1995)

Bálint, Zs. ; Johnson, K.: Taxonomic synopsis of the high Andean and Austral lycaenid genus Paralycaeides Nabokov, 1945 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Polyommatini)

MATERIALS AND METHODS Collections - Samples were studied from the American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH); Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (HNHM); Instituto Zoológia, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán (IML); Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Natural History Museum, London (BMNH); Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW), Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel (NMB), Zoologische Staatssammlung, München (ZSM). Some specimens from private collections of Mr. UDO LUY (Rattclsdorf, Germany), Merrs. R. C. EISELE and BRUCE MACPHERSON (Jujuy, Argentina) and Dr. ARTHUR SHAPIRO (Davis, USA) were also studied and some representatives of these deposited at AMNH and HNHM. In the case of the lectotype of Cupido vapa, the specimen was obtained by loan from the curator of the Lepidoptera collection of the Museum für Naturkunde der HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin (MNHU). Terminology - Morphological terminology follows BÁLINT & JOHNSON (1994a, 1994b, 1995d, etc. and papers published as different ## in Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, USA). Abbreviations for institutions are as noted above. Further abbreviations used in the descriptive texts are: forewings (FW), hindwing (HW), wings' dorsum (DW), wings' ventrum (VW), forewing dorsum (DFW), hindwing dorsum (DHW), forewing ventrum (VFW) and hindwing ventrum (VWH). Microscopy - Genitalic studies were conducted using different varieties of traditional light microscopy. Genitalic studies - Genitalia of BMNH specimens were mounted on microscopic slides and numbered in the BMNH numeric sequence. The genital organs of the Lectotype specimen of Cupido vapa, and the primary types of Paralycaeides shade were similarly mounted, numbered in the HNHM sequence of the senior author, and redeposited at their original institutions. The remaining dissections, made on AMNH and HNHM specimens, are stored in glycerin vials with their relevant specimens and numbered in the HNHM sequence of the senior author. Examination of female genitalic structures resulted in additional taxonomic characters which strongly supported the diagnostics of the present paper. Wing pattern and morphologic illustrations - Adults figured (deposition in brackets in figure captions) were photographed in the photolab of the HNHM at identical scale. Morphological figures were prepared by the senior author using traditional binocular microscopy (see above). Spatial and temporal distributions -In the map, drawn from the material examined, some symbols respresent tightly clustered localities. Altitudinal and temporal distributions were tabulated from specimen labels, but only detailed data were considered. TAXONOMIC HISTORY OF PARALYCAEIDES NABOKOV, 1945 The first historical taxon actually belonging to the genus was described by STAUDINGER (1894: 79) under the name "Cupido vapa Stgr.", however, in the legend of the colour plate (which gives a very good illustration of the species) the name was given as "Lycaena vapa" (STAUDINGER 1894, Table 2, Fig. 2). Many museum specimens originating from the expedition of GARLEPP, and presumably sold by STAUDINGER-BANG-HAAS firm, have the manuscript name "Lycaena Coca Stgr., 1896" (AMNH, BMNH, NMB, NMW). The second historical species associated with the genus was described by DRAUDT (1921: 822) as "Itylos inconspicua Stgr. i.l." This attribution suggests to some that the discoverer of the taxon was STAUDINGER (who died in 1900). However the fact that several museum specimens of P. inconspicua have a "vapa" determination label written by the hand of STAUDINGER (see NABOKOV 1945: 36), contradicts the suggestion that STAUDINGER had previously recognized the taxon. Accordingly, DRAUDT is the author of "Itylos inconspicua"

. Paralycaeides was erected by monotypy, based on "Itylos inconspicua Draudt, 1921" by NABOKOV in 1945 (op. cit., p. 36). NABOKOV'S material was very limited: only a single male specimen from the collection of W.P. COMSTOCK (reexamined here and selected as Neotype below), being available for NABOKOV'S investigations (cf. BÁLINT 1993a, Table 1). NABOKOV could not examine P. vapa and he considered it as "sp. incert". He listed the taxon under his Itylos (= Madeleinea BÁLINT, 1993) generic entry. DESCIMON (1986: 519) and BRIDGES (1988: 11.51) considered Paralycaeides as a monotypic genus, listing "Itylos vapa" as the sole species based on NABOKOV'S seminal paper.