Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 82. (Budapest 1990)
Pap, I. ; Józsa, L.: Occurence of otitis media, mastoiditis and alterations of auditory ossicles in some early Medieval series (Hungary)
Table 2. Distribution of middle ear region and paranasal sinus diseases by age and sex Age group Normal Otitis and/or mastoiditis Nasosinusitis Age group Normal Male Uni- Bilateral Female Uni- Bilateral Undet . Uni- Bilateral Nasosinusitis Age group Male Fe- Unmale det. Male Uni- Bilateral Female Uni- Bilateral Undet . Uni- Bilateral Male Ferna le Infans I. Infans II. Juvenilis Adultus Maturus 5 1 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 Total 6 3 3 . i 5 1 3 • 1 2 1 1 Total 12 6 4 3 2 (11 cases) had surface damage. Distal end of one manubrium of stapes had a 40 degree axial deviation in one case (Plate III. 11). All in all pathological alterations were present on 34.4% of hammers, 52.2% of anvils .and 21.1% of stirrups . More than half of all hammers (53.1%) originated from middle ears with evident otitis and/or mastoiditis. We discovered lesions on more than half of the hammers (58.8%) in the otitis affected material. Three-quarters (73.9%) of anvils came from middle ears with otitis and 64.7% of them presented pathological alterations. More than half of the stirrups (63.2%) came from abnormal tympanum and one-third (33.3%) < of these bore some changes (Table 3). Only a single malleus and a .single incus had pathological deformation from the ones originating from middle ears with no established deformation from the normal (Table 3). No evidence of fistula, severe, septic complications, otogenic pyencephalus , cholesteatoma-formation , or surgical intervention was found. Table 3. The frequency of auditory ossicle lesions in otitis media and mastoiditis affected ears Otitis or PatholoOutwardly PatholoEar Total mastoiditis gical normal gical ossicles affected of these of these Malleus 32 17 10 15 1 Incus 23 17 11 6 1 Stapes 19 12 4 7 Total 74 46 25 2B 2 (54%) (7%) Plate II. X-ray pictures of processus mastoideus: 4= Normal, well pneumatized, 5= sclerotial, badly pneumatized, 6= completely sclerotized, eburnificated J
