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Kordos, L.: Description and reconstruction of the skull of Rudapithecus hungaricus Kretzoi (Mammalia)

distance and the large time gap between theit ages (cca 4 myr) it would be premature to consider this morphological affinity as phylogenetic connection. As a summary, the conclusion may be drawn that among the presently known finds of Miocene great ape skulls, the Rudapithecus definitely differs from Sivapithecus indicus (and from the orang line), and is morphologically much closer to the taxa that resulted in the emergence of the Hominidae which later was divided into the Pan and the Homo lines. References ANDREWS, P. J. (1978): A revision of the Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa. — Bull Brit. Mus(Nat. Hist.) Geol. ser. 30 (2): 85-224. ANDREWS, P. & CRONIN, J. E. (1982): The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan. — Nature 297: 541-546. ANDREWS, P. & TEKKAYA, I. (1976): Ramapithecus in Kenya and Turkey. — UISPP IX

e Congr. Coil. VI. 7-25. CLARK, W. E. LE GROS & LEAKEY, L. S. B. (1951): The Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa. — Fossil Mammals Afr. 1-117. KORDOS, L. (1982): The Prehominid locality of Rudabánya (NE Hungary) and its neighbourhood: A palaeogeographic reconstruction. — Földt. Int. Évi. Jel. 1980-ról. 395-406. KORDOS, L. (1985): Environmental reconstruction for prehominids of Rudabánya, NE Hungary. — Sehr. Z. Ur- u. Frühgeschichte 82-85. KRETZOI, M. (1969): Geschichte der Primaten und der hominisalion. — Symp. Biol. Hung. 9: 23-31. KRETZOI, M. (1974): Towards hominization. — Anthrop. Köziem. 18: 121-128. KRETZOI, M. (1975): New ramapithecines and Pliopithecus from the Lower Pliocene of Rudabánya in north-eastern Hungary. — Nature 257: 578-581. KRETZOI, M. (1976a): Die hominisation und die Australopithecinen. — Anthrop. Közlem. 20: 3-11. KRETZOI, M. (1976b): Die Ramapithecinen von Rudabánya in Nordost-Ungarn. —• UISPP IX

e Congr. Coll. VI. 68. KRETZOI, M. (1984): New hominoid form from Rudabánya. — Anthrop. Közlem. 28: 91-96. KRETZOI, M. KROLOPP, E. & al. (1976): Flora, Fauna und stratigraphische Lage der unterpannonischen Prähominiden Fundstelle von Rudabánya. — Földt. Int. Évi. Jel. 1974-ről. 365-394. MORBECK, M. E. (1983): Miocene hominoid discoveries from Rudabánya. Implications from the Postcranial Skeleton. — In: CIOCHON, R. L. & CORRUCCINT, R. S. (eds.): New Interpretations of Age and Human Ancestry. Plenum Press. 369-404. PILBEAM, D. (1982): New hominoid skull material from the Miocene of Pakistan. — Nature 295: 232-234. SCHWARTZ, J. H. (1984): The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans. — Nature 308: 501-505. XLROTLRIS, N. I. & HENKE, W. (1981): Enamel prism patterns of European hominoids — and their phylogenetical aspects. — In: CHIARELLI, A. B. & CORRUCCINI, R. S. (eds.): Primate Evolutionary Biology, SpringerVerlag, 109-116. WALKER, A., FALK, D. & al. (1983): The skull of Proconsul africanus: reconstruction and cranial capacity. — Nature 305: 525-527. WARD, S. C. & KIMBEL, W. H. (1983): Subnasal alveolar morphology and the systematic position of Sivapithecus. —Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 61: 157-171. WOLPOFF, M. H. (1980): Paleoanthropology. — Alfred A. Knopf. 1-379. Wu RUKANG, HAN DEFEN & al. (1981) : Ramapithecus skulls found first time in the world. — Kexue Tongbao. 26(11): 101o8-1021. Wu RUKANG, HAN DEFEN & al. (1982): More Ramapithecus skulls found from Lufeng, Yunnan — Report on the Excavation of the Site in 1981. — Acta Anthrop. Sinica. 1(2): 101-108. Wu RUKANG, XU QINGHUA & Lu QINGWU (1986): Relationships between Lufeng Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and their phylogenetic position. •— Acta Anthrop. Sinica 5(1): 1-30. Author's address: DR. LÁSZLÓ KORDOS Hungarian Geological Institute Budapest XIV., Népstadion út 14. H-1143 Hungary 87/2794 Franklin Nyomda - Múzsák Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 79, 1987