Kovács I. (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 78. (Budapest 1986)
Hably, L.: The macroflora of the borehole Kiscell-1 in Budapest
ABI ETA CE AH Pinus sp. (PI. II: Fig. 4) Two needle fragments — both of them double needles — were found between 34.7-48.4 m in the core. Their entire length cannot be measured but their maximum length is 5 cm. Such double needles are not rare in Tard Clay Formation. They were found in boreholes marked H and in brick factories in Óbuda and in Kiseged at Eger. Since cone remains were not found in borehole Kiscell-1 the precise identification of the needles is not possible. As the genus Pinus is ecologically widespread today, its climatological value is small and rather it indicates altitude above sea level. TAXODIACEAE Doliostrobus hungaricus (RÁSKY) BŰZEK, HOLY & KVAÖEK (Pl. II: Fig. 3) Doliostrobus is abundant in Tard Clay. On the basis of this the Doliostrobus level can be marked out in the Late Oligocène (Hably 1979). This correlates well with the data from the Czech Mountains where this genus also marks the Late and the Middle Oligocène. There were several sprout remains but no cone scales were found in borehole Kiscell-1. RÁSKY (1943) mentioned it earlier under the names of Araucaria hungarica and Sequoia sternbergii from the "Kiscell Clay". NOVAK 1950 also published it under the name of Sequoia sternbergii from the flora of Kiseged. PLATANACEAE Platanus neptuni (ETT.) BÛZEK, HOLY & KVAÖEK (Pl. II: Fig. 1) This species was first described as identified from its epidermis in Tard Clay (HABLY 1979, 1980). Some apical and basal fragments and better preserved fragmented leaf were found in borehole Kiscell-1. The leaf is about 8 cm long and about 2.2 cm wide so it is of a smallish medium size, similarly to the Platanus neptuni leaves found in the boreholes marked H, in Tard Clay. The leaf is oblonged ovate, the apex is missing. Its margin is entire at the base and from one third of the lamina upwards is specifically toothed. As the camptodromous venation is entirely covered by remains of organic matter, only the main vein can be observed. Its earliest appearance in the Eocene is known from Haselbach, Germany (MAI & WALTHER 1978). It is often present in the Oligocène of Europe and can also be found in the Carpatian stage of the Miocene. Several Oligocène localities have been found both in the Late and Early Oligocène in Trans-Danubia and in the northern part of Hungary. Its latest and most abundant locality in Hungary is in the Late Miocene of Ipolytarnóc (HABLY 1985a). This species seems to be predominant in the Oligocène. Its shape in the Egerian is substantially different from that in the Kiscellian. In the Kiscellian it became smaller in size indicating that it became acclimatized to aridity. Almost all the species have large leaves in the Egerian, therefore we can conclude that their ecological diversification took place not in space but in time. Platanus neptuni is a paleotropical element. KNOBLOCH (1973) thinks that its presence is connect with warm periods. This plant lived relatively far from water-sides, mainly on hilly or slopy regions. It was a thermophilous and xerophilous plant in the Kiscellian. Due to the changing conditions it lost its xerophilous characteristics in the Egerian. Since it is very frequent and is almost always present in the regions under investigation, we can assume that Platanus neptuni had been a basic element in the association of Tard Clay. FAGACEAE Dryophyllum furcinerve (Ross.) SCHMALH. It is predominant in the flora of Tard Clay. It was largely found in boreholes marked H at Óbuda and they are also frequent in Kiseged. As the shape of the lamina varies enormously, it has a large number of synonyms. In Hungary KOVÁCS (1958) reported it under the name of Castanopsis furcinervis from the Eocene locality at Lábatlan. ANDREÁNSZKY also published it under the name of Castanopsis furcinervis from several Oligocène localities eg. Kiseged at Eger, Csillaghegy in Budapest, Novaj —Vécsey valley, the sorroundings of Nagyimány and the Wind brickyard in Eger (RÜFFLE et al. 1967). Considering all the European localities of this species we can observe that the lamina of the 3 Term. Tud. Muz. Évk. 1986.
