Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 76. (Budapest 1984)

Pap, I.: Data to the problem of artificial cranial deformation, Part 2.

The influence of deformation I tried to compare the groups of deformed and undeformed skulls in the material of Keszthely-Fenék puszta by applying the formula . „ . deformed — undeformed difference in % = — x 100 deformed The following may be stated — taking into account the caution necessitated by the small number of cases: the maximum length of the cranium (Martin 1) is less, the length measured from the metopion (M lc) is descreased to a greater degree. The parietal chord (M 30) is also decreased, mainly in the males. Very expressed is the decrease in the forehead angle (M 32). The porion-bregma height (M 20) and basion-antibasion distance are increased. The measurements of the face differed less than those of the neurocranium (Table 7). The orbita height (M 52) and nose height (M 55) decreased, but the breadth of the orbits (M 51) increased. The breadth of the nose (M 54) decreased in the males, did not change in the females. The length of the gonion, the condylus of the mandibulae (M 68, 68/1) and the length of the symphysis of mandibulae increased. Of the indices the length-breadth index (8: 1), the orbit index (52: 51) in both sexes, the length-height index (17 : 1) in the females decreased. ÖZBEK (1974) compared deformed skulls from the 4th millenium B. C. Byblos to undeformed skulls originating from the same archaelogical period from Mesopotamia. She found that the maximum cranium length (M 1) increased and maximum cranium breadth decreased (M 8). The change of height of the orbits and nose is of an opposite sign to our series. However it must be mentioned that the series analysed by her contained two different types of deformations (one is different from ours), and only the heads of women were destorted. MCNEILL & NEWTON (1965) examined in their treatise the alterations of the cranial base and vault deformation. Among others they established that circumferentially deformed crania were modified to a greater extent than antero-posterior destorted ones. As children and juvenile make up 60% of our material it was possible to trace the change of skull form of children according to age. We could take measurements on 6 Infans I. and 1 juvenile skulls. Child No. 33 had to be neglected from the comparison as it was impossible to determine its exact age. We were also forced to omit the skull of child No. 27 because of its extraordinary large size (hydrocephalic?). The change of individual measurements is presented below: maximum cranium length (1, lc), porionbregma height (20), forehead arc and chord (26, 29) weakly increase, then decrease and again increase. The tendency of parietal arc and chord (27, 30) are of an opposite sign to the frontal arc and chord (Table 3). The abovementioned changes were brought about by destortion and by the growth of the skull with age. References* APOR, L. & ROSZTÓCZY, E. (1939): A Kiszombor O sz. temető csontvázai [Skeletal material of Kiszombor O cemetery]. — Folia Arch. 1-2: 181-182 (in Hungarian). LIPTÁK, P. (1983) : Avars and ancient Hungarians. — Budapest, 208 pp. PAP, I. (1983): Data to the problem of artificial cranial deformation, Part 1. — Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung., 75: 339-350. Author's address: DR. ILDIKÓ PAP Anthropological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, Bajza utca 39 H1062 •Further references see in my previous paper: PAP (1983).