Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 70. (Budapest 1978)

Jánossy, D.: Larger mammals from the lowermost Pleistocene fauna, Osztramos, Loc. 7. (Hungary)

1. Hipparion alone among Equids together with a typical Dicerorhinus megarhinus: the classical faunas of Roussillon and Montpellier, as well as perhaps Wölfersheim. 2. The appearence of Equus (theoretically together with Hipparion) still Dicerorhinus megarhinus-jeanvireti too: Osztramos 7. 3. Hipparion, Equus associated with Dicerorhinus etruscus: Kisláng. Further comparisons are made more difficult by the mentioned selective nature of fossilization or zoogeographical differences. The key-fauna of Csarnóta lacks e. g. the Perissodactyls, of Wölfersheim the Equids entirely and if we consider animal assemblages from more eastern territories e. g. Odessa with the absolute dominance of Camelus (also no rhinoceroses or Equids), the problem of a real comparison being much more greater, not to mention that most of contemporaneous faunas seems to be stratigraphically mixed. In this case we have to return, — at least in the Holarctic, if they are present (!) — to the small mammals and especially to the voles with quick evolutionary rates and large distribution. The "Mimomys stehlt

ni"'-stage, — analyzed in other places in detail —, is rather an evolutionary stage than a species, although seems to be a good guide fossil from Western Europe to Eastern Asia. As I mentioned elsewhere (JÁNOSSY 1974) the material of Osztramos 7 stands very near the Mimomys stehlini of the type locality (San Giusto) although being more brachyodont, but a little more hypselodont, than that of Wölfersheim. The evolutionary stage of the Odessa-Mimomys does not seem to be very different, representing of course other morphological forms. All in all we have to come back to the stratigraphical position of Osztramos 7. Remaining in Hungarian relation, we may establish that there is a considerable faunistical gap betwen the Csarnóta and Villány-stage, perhaps the Beremendian stage should be stratisfied more in detail. Therefore, I propose to establish a new stratigraphical unit to intercalate between the Csarnotanum and the first substage of the Villanyian, within the Beremendianstage (see KRETZOI 1969). Although, we find paradoxically within this territory a zoogeographical difference: Dolomys being absent and Mimomys predominates. This horizon was characterized above in detail: the Pliocene relicts predominate both in the micro- and macrofauna, although the first Pleistocene forms are present. The contemporaneous presence of Equus and the large rhinoceros, Mimomys "stehlini" and Lemmus is especially characteristic. I propose for this horizon the new name Rákó-Horizon from Bódvarákó, a village near Osztramos. References BONI FAY, M.-FR. (1973): Dicerorhinus etruscus Falc. du Pleistocene Moyen des grottes de Lunel-Viel (Hérault). — Ann. Paléont. 59 ( 1 ) : 1 -31. CROIZET, J. B. & JOBERT, A. CL. (1828): Recherches sur les ossements fossiles du département du Puy de Dôme. — Paris, p. 1-224, 57 pis. DEL CAMPANA, D. (1913): I cani pliocenici di Toscana. — Paleont. Italica, 19: 189-254. DÉPERET, CH. (1897): Les animaux pliocenes du Roussillon. — Méni. Soc. Géol. France (Pal.), 3: 1-164. DEVÈZE, CH. & BOULLET, J. B. (1827): Essai géologique et minéralogique sur les environs d'Issoire department du Puy de Dome, et principalement sur la montagne de Boulade. — ClermontFerrand, p. I-XII +

1-104. FEIFAR, O. (1964): The Lower Villafranchian Vertebrates from Hajnacka near Filákovo in Southern Slovakia. — Rozpravy, Ust. Ust. Geol., 30: 1-115. GUÉRIN, CL. (1972): Une nouvelle espèce de Rhinoceros (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) a Vialette (Haute-Loire, France) et dans d'autres gisements du Villafranchien Inférieur Européen: Dicerorhinus jeanvireti n. sp. — Doc. Labor. Géol. Fac. Sei. Lyon. Notes et Mém., 49: 53-150. HELNTZ, E. (1970): Les Cervidés villafranchiens de France et d'Espagne. Vol. I—II. — Mém. Mus. Nat. cFHist. Natur., N. S., 22: 1-303 +1-206. JÁNOSSY, D. (1974): The boundary of the Plio-Pleistocene based on the Microvertebrates in North Hungary (Osztramos Locality 7). — Vertebr. Hung., 14: 101-112.