Csornay Boldizsár - Dobos Zsuzsa - Varga Ágota - Zakariás János szerk.: A Szépművészeti Múzeum közleményei 98. (Budapest, 2003)

GYŐRY, HEDVIG: A Pataikos with Hawks on the Shoulders

independent front side face (with no face at the back),

38 or by the later development (during the Late Period) in which the dwarf's body got completed by other animal heads or by a bird's body and tail.

39 Although the surviving pieces make up only a portion of the serial production, their large quantity and high quality, as well as the content they intermediate, testify that there must have been a strong demand, in quantity and variety, for the representations of the dwarf god, who by the 25th Dynasty had developed into a mighty protective god, whose activities related to fertility and snakebite were interpreted in a very broad sense. PATAIKOI DURING THE LATE PERIOD The present writer was not able to find any complex Pataikos amulets from the period after the 25th Dynasty in the publications of excavations. However, a portion of the expanded pieces published in museum and sale catalogues frequently show late features in the iconographical elements and their elaboration or in the style of the representations (e.g. the shape of the body of the dwarf, the proportions, facial features, snakes in the hands, or crocodiles under the feet).

40 During these later periods, inscriptions on amulets are found only now and then. The import of Pataikoi-standing-oncrocodiles along the Mediterranian coast testify to a permanent Egyptian manufacture, which, however, gradually decreased, and became more and more geographically restricted.

41 The theme of the composition continued to be modified. A new element is that the crocodiles can be modelled also parallel to each other, that is, completely separated (not forming a circle) under the god's feet, the animals looking straight ahead to the front of the statuette.

42 The divine persons standing next to the Pataikos also were changed: they now are the sisters Isis and Nephthys. At the back, the winged figure of 38 E.g. Pétrie, Amulets (n. 23) no. 180 q. University College London, UC 8950 (permission of studying by St. G. Quirke). Tlie back is flat, with an inscribed stele, and the god has a winged scarab on his head. The winged scarab (instead of a plain scarab) is rare with Pataikoi: compare this with Sander-Hansen, CE., Die Texte der Metternichstele, Kobenhavn 1956 (henceforth abbreviated Metternichstele), Spell V, 39: "The great winged scarab is spread over him". 39 E.g. Daressy, op.cit. (n. 26) CG 38.829-38.830, which are ram-headed and have bodies and tails of birds. 4(1 Egypte Onomwonden. Egyptische oudheiden van het museum Vleeshuis, Antwerpen, Stadt Antwerpen 1995, p. 188, no. 381. n. 53, AV 79.1.227: Wit, C. de. Egypte, Oudheidkundige Museum Vleeshuis. Catalogus VIII, Dewne-Antwerpen 1959, Stadt Antwerpen, p. 26. n. 14: Andrews. C., Amulets of Ancient Egypt, London 1994. p. 38. fig. 34a: Gamer-Wallert, I. - Grieshammer, R.,

Ägyptische Kunst, Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum. Karlsruhe 1992. p. 62. fig. 27. The elaboration of body parts is characteristic for the Ptolemaic Period. 41 Cf. Carthago: Vercoutter. J.. Objets égyptiens et égyptisants du mobilier funéraire Carthaginois, Paris 1

945; Israel: Arav. R. - Berne«, M.. Egyptian Figurine of Pataikos at Bethsaida. I

EJ 47 ( 1

997) 212, table 3; Italy: Hölbl, G., Beziehungen der Ägyptischen Kulten zu Altitalien I

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II, Leiden 1979. 42 Daressy, op.cit. (n. 26) CG. 38.801, to which the crown was applied separately. Schlick-Nolte, B.Droste zu Hülfshoff, Vera von, Skarabäen, Amulette und Schmuck. Liebieghaus. Melsungen 1990, no. 236.