Csornay Boldizsár - Dobos Zsuzsa - Varga Ágota - Zakariás János szerk.: A Szépművészeti Múzeum közleményei 98. (Budapest, 2003)

GYŐRY, HEDVIG: A Pataikos with Hawks on the Shoulders

motifs.0 Some figures of the god are equipped with a tripartite atcf'crown and a scarab in front of it.

21 Another development of the period is the appearance of the plastic representations of protective powers around the Pataikos - resulting in peculiarly concise statue-groups. A piece from Matmar

22 shows the dwarf god embraced from behind by wings, which belong - as a contemporary amulet from Illahun

23 testifies - to a protective goddess.

24 The wings on the Matmar piece grow out of a rounded back pillar terminating at the top of the head, while at Illahun they are held by the arms of a lion-headed goddess. Both types are known in variations, but the representation of the latter variation, of a pterophore goddess, was more popular. Not by chance, as since the New Kingdom, winged goddesses were often shown on reliefs and paintings,

25 and they can be found in many small scenes on the Third Intermediate Period coffins and of course on other amulet types.

26 There were also expanded complex Pataikos amulet variants in which several gods surrounded the dwarf god. For example, among the finds of the Matmar cemetery,

27 there is an iconographical variant with the Pataikos between Neith and Sakhmet, in front of the striding figure of Nofertum. The finds of the 25th Dynasty cemetery of Meroe include extremely many different variants of the type. For example, various types of the complex Patai kos with hawks on the shoulders are frequently found at that site. Some of the variants reflect, of course, local interpretations; others, however, follow the same pattern as unprovenienced pieces from Egypt itself. Some of the amulets reach a height of 10 cm; these could thus also be employed for home altars,

28 although they are still small enough so that people would be able to wear them alone or together with other amulets on a necklace. The fact that they have 20

//;/</., pi. 38, nos. 40-41. 21 Pétrie. FI.W.M.. Hyksos and Israelite Cities, London 1906, pi. 32 - Yehudieh. pl. 34A - Retabeh, Tomb 20. Dyn. 22; id.. Illahun, Kahun and Gurob (n. 18) pi. 29, no. 43 - Dyn. 22; Bisson de la Roque, op.cit. (n. 16) pi. 22. no. 251 ; Brunton, op.cit. (n. 13 ) pi. 58. no. 39 - Tomb 1204; Schäfer, H.,

Priestergräber und andere Grabfunde vom Ende des alten Reiches bis zur griechischen Zeit vom Tempel des Ne-user-Re, Leipzig 1908. fig. 215. Sp. 37. 22 Brunton. op.cit. (n. 13) pl. LVIII, no. 39 - Tomb 1204. Dyn. 22-25. 23 Pétrie, Illahun, Kahun and Gurob (n. 18) pi. 29. no. 43 - Dyn. 22; id.. Amulets: Illustrated by the Egyptian Collection in University College London, London 1914 (henceforth abbreviated Amulets), no. I76p. pi. 46, Dyn. 23. 24 Gods standing behind a represented person were par excellence protective gods, cf. the expression "the one behind if in e.g. CT 1.303 = Sp. 73, or CT II. 143 = Sp. 119. 25 E.g. the winged goddess Isis with Seti I in her lap - Abydos. Funeral temple of Seti, 2nd Hall, see: Fechheimer, H., Die Plastik der Ägypter, Berlin 1920, p. 160. 26 E.g. Daressy, G., Statues de divinités. Catalogue Générale des Antiquités Egyptiennes du Musée du Caire nos. 38001-39384. Le Caire 1906. CG 39.364, 39.374; Sotheby's Antiquities 13th - 14th July 1987. p. 46. no. 142 (a bronze statuette). 27 Brunton, op.cit. (n. 13) pl. LVIII, no. 40 - Tomb 736. 2K Cf., e.g., Pataikos amulets found in houses in Edfu (Michalowski, K. - Desroches, Ch. - Linage, J. de - Manteuffel, J. - Zejmo-Zejmis, M., Fouilles franco-polonaises. Rapports III. Tell Edfou 1939, Le Caire 1950, pl. XLIV. nos. 21 [=p.313,no. 1047]. 29 |= p. 314. no. 1056]) and in Anthedon (Pétrie, W.M. FL, Anthedon, London 1937, p. 7, pi. 30, no. 31).