Csornay Boldizsár - Dobos Zsuzsa - Varga Ágota - Zakariás János szerk.: A Szépművészeti Múzeum közleményei 98. (Budapest, 2003)
GYŐRY, HEDVIG: A Pataikos with Hawks on the Shoulders
topped by the cow's horns with solar disc crown. The wearer was able to fasten the amulet via a loop at the back, which is situated at the height of the temples of the god, between him and the backboard with the goddess. The base of the whole statuette is plain and unmodelled. The piece is unprovenienced, so its date can only be determined on the basis of an iconographical and stylistic analysis. To that aim we will have a closer look at the stylistic changes that affected this type of amulet in the course of time, and at the shifting form and meaning of some of its elements. PATAIKOI DURING THE NEW KINGDOM Virtually all amulets of the New Kingdom that represent the Pataikos-standing-oncrocodiles belong to the same compositional type, with minor stylistic variations. 6 The origin of some of them are known, e.g. Esna 7 . Abydos 8 , Gurob 9 , and Semna 10 . Based on these finds it may be said that the type developed before the Amarna period and was produced still under the 20th Dynasty without iconographical changes. Though the places at which they were found are far apart, the appearance of the amulets is uniform: the face of the god is elongated, the torso stocky, the snakes in high relief are hanging down from his mouth, resembling moustaches, and the scarab on top of the head is clearly elevated in height. The Pataikos is holding two knives or Maat feathers, and js standing on two clearly cut crocodiles. The ws/j-collar on the chest is only occasionally present. There is always a back pillar behind the god containing cryptographic inscriptions with the various names and epithets of Atum. It terminates behind the temples of the god, above the suspension hole. On the bottom of the socle, various hieroglyphic signs are discernible. They also refer to Atum or Amun, mostly as trigrams, or in other sign-groups. It seems to be certain that the known complex New Kingdom Pataikos figures were created after the same primary model. At the same time, there are obvious differences between them, in spite of the similarities, which proves that several series were manufactured. Since the collar was only occasionally represented, 1 1 the original type probably did not contain it, though the line of the breasts must have been even there strongly emphasized. As the prototypes for amulets of gods were usually modelled 6 Gyory, H., Über die Patäken-Amulette im Neuen Reich, in Das Alte Ägypten und seine Nachbarn. Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Helmut Satzinger (Hg. Hasitzka, M.R.M. - Demski, J. D.-G. ), Wien 2003, pp. 58-68. 7 Downes, D.. The Excavations in Esna in 1905-1906. Warminster 1974, p. 52. Tomb 227, inv. no. Liverpool Museum 16.11.06.306. s Randall-Maclver. D. - Mace. A.C., El Amrah and Abydos. 1899-1901. London 1902, pl. XLV, Tomb 28, pp. 78, 79, 88, 98-99. ground plan of the tomb: pl. XXXII. owners: pis. LVÜ-LX (Pittsburgh). C) Brunton, G. - Engelbach, R., Gurob. London 1927, pis. XXVIII, no. 18 - "brown limestone", tomb 474 (Edinburgh). 1(1 Reisner, G. A. .Second Cataract Forts. Semna, Kumma, Boston 1960, Tomb S 563 - a tomb that was reused several times, pi. 58, pp. 98-100, Pataikos: excav. inv. no. 24-3^499. " From this period originates e.g. a piece from Tell Basta (El-Sawi. A.. Excavations at Tell Basta. Prague 1979, p. 16, fig. 10, no. 15. female's tomb no. 8, reg. no. 1534); but judging by the drawing, it seems to be an ordinary Pataikos (without any other supplementary element).
