Varga Edith szerk.: A Szépművészeti Múzeum közleményei 79. (Budapest, 1993)

NIELSEN, MARJATTA: An Etruscan country woman from Terriccio

localities do we know of any archaeological finds. On the other hand, mining districts were not necessarily densely populated ; the wealth did not accumulate there, but in the places where metals were refined and negotiated.

9 At a few kilometers' distance from Terriccio there are very rich archaeological localities, such as Castellina Marittima (also known for its alabaster quarries)

10

, Riparbella, Belora, Casaglia, Cecina and the above-mentioned harbour of Vada.

11 Enrico Fiumi informs us that in Terriccio's copper mine, formerly possessed by the Principi Poniatowski have been found traces of ancient mining ; and Etruscan material has often been discovered on the Poniatowskis' property.

12 Joint mapping of natural resources and archaeological finds had been carried out in the area already in the 18th century, but in the early 19th century several more industrial and commercial enterprises were established for further exploitation, something that also attracted many foreigners.

13 The Prince Stanislaw Poniatowski (Warszawa 1754—Florence 1833), nephew of the last Polish king, who in vain had tried to have him elected as heir to the throne, lived in Rome in 1785-1795 ; after the division of Poland in 1795 he established himself first in Vienna and from 1805 onwards again in Rome. He acquired extensive possessions in Lazio and Rome, including a palace in the Via della Croce and a villa at Via Flaminia. Both testified to the « malattia della pietra », as he called the passion for collecting that he had inherited from his Polish ancestors. About 1824 he moved to Florence and sold his Roman and Latial properties. The movable items in his collections, such as gems and pictures, followed him to Florence, while the ancient marbles, some bought and some excavated by himself, remained in Rome, where they had been incorporated in the walls.

14 The estate of Terriccio, including woods, a chapel and buildings for the administration and farmers, was bought by Stanislaw Poniatowski in 1824,

15 but was just in Secondo Congresso Internazionale Etrusco, Firenze 1985, Atti 3, Roma 1989, fig. p. 1410 ; about the coppermines in Montecatini, p. 1413. 9 Fiumi, loc. cit. (n. 6.) p. 283, n. 83 ; Cristofani, M., Geográfia del popolamento e storia economico-sociale nell'Etruria mineraria, in UEtruria mineraria, XII Convegno di Studi Etruschi e Italici, 1979, Firenze 1981, p. 433. 10 Niccolai, A., Sui materiali in cui sono scolpite le urne cinerarie di Volterra, Studi Etruschi 2 (1928) pp. 422-425 ; the alabaster was quarried already by the Etruscans. Fiumi, loc. cit. (n. 6) p. 283, also mentions ancient copper mines in Castellina Marittima. 11 For Castiglioncello, Vada and Belora, see references in Nielsen, M., in Die Welt der Etrusker, Roll. loc. cit. (n. 3) pp. 206-207, nos. 1, 3-4. 12 Fiumi, loc. cit. (n. 6) p. 283, notes 78-79. For the ancient traces of mining also Toscanelli, N., Pisa nelV antichità 1, Pisa 1933, p. 65, n. 1. 13 Targioni Tozzetti, G., Relazioni d'alcuni viaggi fatti in diverse parti della Toscana per osservare le produzioni naturali e gli antichi monumenti di essa, 3, 2.ed., Firenze 1769, deals with this part of Toscana ; here Terriccio appears on the map of the Volterran area, but neither mines nor archaeological finds have been mentioned ; probably they were not yet known. Cf. Cristofani, M.-Ciacci, A., Archeológia e territorio nei « Viaggi » di Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti, Prospettiva 22 (1980) pp. 35-45. For the commercial and industrial activities in the area, see Riparbelli, A., I Lorena e la politica mineraria in Toscana, in La Toscana dei Lorena, riforme, territorio, società (Atti del Convegno Grosseto 1987, eds. Ciuffoletti, Z.-Rombai, L.), Firenze 1989, pp. 99121, esp. p. 114 ; Arrigoni, T., Scienza e tecnica nelle miniere e nella siderurgia Toscana del Settecento. Lineamenti, ibid. pp. 123-136 ; Coppini, R. P., Ceti dirigenti e banche nel periodo della restaurazione, ibid. pp. 605-638. 14 Busiri Vici, A., I Poniatowski e Roma, Firenze 1971, esp. p. 313ff. and p. 319ff. 15 Busiri Vici, op. cit. p. 438, n. 21.