Kiss Kitti: Kovácsolt és öntöttvas edények a magyar szabadtéri múzeumokban (A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum tárgykatalógusai, Skanzen könyvek. Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2012)
Melléklet
CAST-IRON POTS SHAPED LIKE EARTHEN POTS Cast-iron pots shaped like earthen pots are interesting objects in the collection. (1970.98.9, 2002.125.58., 2002.125.57., 2005.153.24., 1980.29.185., 1993.37.1.] 5 was collected by Friderika Bíró in Western Transdanubia, another by Tibor Sabján in Hajdúsámson. 1 vessel did not get factory marking, 3 vessels have Pilsen stamping, 2 have Budna mark, in other words 5 was made in Czech factories. According to data of use a vessel from Western Transdanubia was applied on open fire, was put on three iron legs and soup was cooked in it on glowing embers. Their volume is between 4 and 10 litres. In Göcsej Village Museum collection 3 similar unsigned pots are to be found (G. 66.44.25., G. 67.1.23., G. 87.12.117.). and 2 cast-iron vessels are shaped like ceramic pots in Vas County Museum Village. Number V.63.18.17. was made in Teschen, number V.63. 18.18. in Pilzen. Their local name was potato cooker fazik. Their existence in Western Transdanubia is continuous in South-East Styria. 6 2 Map 4. Place of collection of cast iron mugs. Map 5. Place of collection of cast-iron pots shaped like earthen pots. IRON SPIDERS 'THREE-LEGGED PANS' 42 iron spiders are to be found in the collection. 29 spiders are cast iron and 13 spiders are wrought iron. Besides there are 8 cast-iron spider lids which were used as spider and as cover too, but they are flat and shallow. Kisalföld region's iron spiders are in short supply because of the early modernization, or because ceramic and copper pots were spread. ln3amongthe8 houses built the only place for cooking is at the chimney-corner or at the top of the oven. Inthehousesof Southern Transdanubia region only cast-iron spiders are to be found in accordance with archaic firing equipments. In Szenna Open Air Museum we can find 1 wrought iron spider and 2 cast-iron spiders. According to the data of use iron spiders were usually employed at the chimney-corner seat or at the top of the oven, large-sized vessels on open fire and every time when people were working outside. Most often iron spiders were used for warming, thickening, sautéing onion or frying eggs, doughnuts and meat. They were used until the 1950s in the dwelling houses where open fire cooking was retained (79.18.149., 78.19.28.). The greatest number of usage data appears in connection with Southern Transdanubia region's vessels, collected by Tünde Zentai and there are concrete cases that in small-sized cast-iron spiders thickening was made 79.18.149., onion and thickening was sautéd in fat 82.83.31. 86.3.169. Large-sized cast-iron spider number 79.18.132. is an example for using vessels at pigsticking, and then until the World War II for producing soap. We know less about the usage of wrought iron spiders. Vessel number 78.1.28. was discovered in Kisalföld and was used until the 1940s at the boundary or at the top of the oven. Wrought iron spiders are unified constructed: bodies are plate, legs are wrought, their long handle ends in churn, where a wooden handle was fitted. It seems they are products of forgers but tinker gypsies used to make similar vessels too. X. II. VII. I. III. IX. VIII. VI. R. Sum total Cast iron spider 1 8 10 2 4 4 1 30 Spider lid 1 4 2 1 8 Wrought iron spider 1 2 4 2 1 3 13 Sum total 2 9 14 4-8 27 5 51 Chart given above shows that the wrought iron spider's proportion is smaller in museum collection. In Bakony-Balaton-Uplands region only of this sort was found, in Western Transdanubia region wrought vessels appear half-andhalf. (In Göcsej Village Museum's collection we can find 9 wrought iron spiders and 2 cast-iron spiders.) It is interesting that we can not find any iron spider in the Upper-Tisza Region in spite of the foundries nearby.- it can be connected with the fact, that cooking-stove was spread early in the region. They have 4 particular dwelling houses built in Hungarian Open Air Museum Szentendre two among these houses have cooking-stoves and two have open fire stoves. (In Sóstó Museum Village's collection 8 castiron spiders and 3 wrought iron spiders are to be found.) 2. chart Division of iron spiders in Hungarian Open Air Museum Szentendre collection. Origin of repository objects: Wrought iron spiders: 2 from Northern Hungary, 1 from Kisalföld. Cast-iron spider: 1 from Great Plains. Spider lid: 1 from Great Plains (Szeremlel Zsigmond Bátky's guide has a picture about this type of spider (table 58, picture number 1 D. 6 3 He wrote that the threelegged hafted iron spider is from the Great Plains, it was used on open fire and was made by a gypsy smith. In 1906 they were made from wrought iron or for poor people from earthen. Same iron vessels were hammered by tinker gypsies. Vessel 86.27.54., a large-sized iron pan was prepared " GAMERITH, Annie 1988. 3. and picture at the cover. Eszter Kisbán drew the publication to my attention. 1 3 BÁTKY, Zs. 1992. pp. 185-186. 194-195. 40
