Cseri Miklós, S. Laczkovits Emőke szerk.: A Balaton felvidék népi építészete - A Balatonfüreden 1997. május 21-23-án megrendezett konferencia anyaga (Szentendre: Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum; Veszprém: Laczkó Dezső Múzeum, 1997)

SABJÁN Tibor: Történeti és régészeti adatok a Balaton-felvidéki tüzelőberendezések kialakulásához

Historie and archeological data to the evolution of heating systems in the Balaton-Uplands TIBOR SABJÁN The author provides us in his essay with details over the history and development of heating systems in the Balaton-Uplands. Archeological findings and documents of the management of the Festetics domain dating from the 18th-19th centuries serve him as source. Stoves with concave tiles: their origin in the late Middle Ages was already known due to previous research but recently some gabled tiles were found and tiles, very similar to them, have been produced even in our century for farmer stoves. The sources of the 18th-19th centuries mention large varieties of "eyed" stoves with concave tiles which used to be built with tiles in the shape of bowls. We often come across unglazed stoves which were sometimes whitewashed. The glazed stoves were usually green but from 1840 onwards documents mention also sguirted glazed stoves. Stoves with flat glazed tiles: occur in the 18th century often in the more elegant buildings of the domain and stand mostly in the most important rooms. However, it is no rarity in the last century when all the rooms of a building were heated with such a stove. They are mainly green but from the middle of the last century we find white stoves too. Stoves with cylindrical shape: used to stand in the better buildings of the domain, they were white or had marble pattern. Their inside might have been protected by iron grills against mechanic damages. Stoves fed from inside: such a stove was mentioned the first time in 1864 and was built in the pharmacy of the domain in Keszthely. Cast-iron stoves: are met in the buildings of the domain from 1840 onwards. Generally, there is only one iron stove in the rooms of the houses, the other rooms are heated with tile stoves. Ovens in the kitchen: most of the kitchens in the 18th-19th centuries are fitted out with two ovens (a bigger one to bake bread and a smaller one to bake cakes). Most of these ovens are made of bricks but sometimes clay ovens are mentioned. Cauldron stands: used to be built in the kitchens in the domain with bricks or clay. The first report on closed cauldron stands, built together with a chimney appeared in the fifties of the last century. The cauldron was accessible through a two-winged iron door. Cooking-ranges: enter the buildings of the domain in the fifties of the last century. They have two types: built in the wall and portable. Cooking-ranges are met in buildings of the countryside from 1870 on. A cooking-range with tiles is mentioned the first time in 1872. The first report on a heating equipment for kitchen, in which oven, cauldron stand and cookingrange are built together is in 1853 in Keszthely and such units enter the village houses from 1870 onwards. The pictures for illustration of the essay come from the plan-archive of the Festetics family and show a selection of the plans of the buildings in those days.