Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 14. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2001)
SZŰCS JUDIT: Ház-család-ipar
HOUSE-FAMILY-TRADE At the beginning of the 20 th century many dwellinghouses in villages and market towns were completed with shops and workshops. (During the last 10-15 years, we witness a similar use of houses.) The tradesman used to create the unity of house family - trade in his own house or in a rented building. István Nyiri from Szentes and his son, Lajos were both smiths. I show the interrelation of craftsman-journeyman-apprentice-family in the life of Lajos. After, we can read about the life of the farmer's son, László Fekete in Csongrád when he was an apprentice and a journeyman and how he adjusted himself to the family of his master craftsman. The bootmaker family Fejes from Félegyháza preserved the traditions of guilds till the thirties of the 20 th century with the co-operation of living-in apprentices, journeymen and female family members who carried out certain work. Flórian Szűcs, the craftsman without capital moved from Zenta to Szentes. Two times he founded a bakery for a short time based on work-sharing in the family. Tóbiás Szuszik bought a house in Pálmonostor spending the patrimony of his wife, where he opened a barbershop. (His children became town dwellers and didn't join the trade.) The sons of the farmer family Domokos in Csongrád opened a butcher's shop. Farm and trade supported each other. The farm provided part of the stock and the profit of the business was spent for buying land. All this required a strict system of work-sharing within the family. In Tömörkény, near Csongrád, father and son of the family Bánfi worked as carpenter-masons. They received the order givers in their house and worked during winter in the workshop, which belonged to the house. The son was journeyman of his uncle, who was also carpenter-mason. Márton Pintér opened his joinery in the family's townhouse in Csongrád, The life of the family was run independently from the workshop. Later on, his son János opened here a bakery. He married the daughter of a baker family and worked in work-sharing. His children didn't learn the trade. Three generations of the rope-maker family Gresso lived and worked in the same house in Csongrád. The grandchild Lénárd taught both his sons the skills of trade, however, he let them decide in favour of a different job. Innkeepers also used to open a tavern room in their own house. Their family members were also involved in the trade. Even the studied sons of the family Kaszanitzky served the guests. Itinerant artisans and photographers used to be integrated in the life of families and farms for several hours or days when exercising their profession. As a consequence, we can say that tradesmen in the villages and in market towns could make a living even without or with a little capital when creating the unity of house-family-trade/workshop.
