Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 10. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1995)

GILYÉN NÁNDOR: A parasztház alaprajzi fejlődése és a lakáskultúra

László és SELMECZI László) II. 61 67. Nagykőrös RUSZTHY Zsolt 1974 Kisalföldi lakóháztípusok. Műemlékvédelem XVIII. 224-240. CS. SEBESTYÉN Károly 1939 Új háztípus a magyar Alföldön. Népünk és Nyelvünk XI. 121-126. SZTRINKÓ István 1984 Építkezés, házberendezés. In: Kecel története és néprajza (szerk.: BÁRTH János). 753-767. Kecel 1987 Népi építészet a Duna-Tisza közén. Debrecen TIMON Kálmán 1983 ONCSA házépítési akció. Magyar Építőipar XXXII. 429-441. VAJKAI Aurél 1948a A magyar népi építkezés és lakás kutatása. In: A magyar népkutatás kézikönyve. Budapest 1984b Élet a cserszegtomaji házban. Ethnographia LIX. 54-72. 1959 Sze/7(ga7.Budapest VALTER Ilona 1975 Pásztó, oskolamester-ház. Tájak-Korok-Múzeumok Kiskönyvtára 219. Budapest VARGHA László 1955 Építkezés. In: A magyar falu építészete (szerk.: KÁROLYI Antal és mások) Budapest VERES Péter 1937 Alio Idi földmunkásházak. Tér és Forma X. 143. VISKI Károly 1941 Népi és úri műveltség összefüggései a tárgyi néprajzban. In: Úr és paraszt a magyar élet egységében (szerk.: ECKHARDT Sándor). 135-160. Budapest ZENTAI Tünde 1991/1 parasztház története a Dél-Dunántúlon. Pécs Nándor Gilyén THE DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND PLANS FOR PEASANT HOUSES The ground plan of a house is one of the most decisive elements of its interior decoration. Chapter 1 introduces the subject by clearing up the concepts of flat and interior decoration. It is especially difficult to precisely circumscribe the functions of the flat in the farmstead which is also the centre of agricultural operations. Some functions simply cannot be assigned to one place because men e.g. slept regularly in the stable. Chapter 2 examines the formation of the three-division (room-kitchen-room) home, from the point of view of interior decoration. Hungarian houses, as a rule, were augmented by the addition of new rooms. The house of two or more divisions was already widespread in the 15th-16th centuries, but initially continued to include only one dwelling room. In the more advanced, central and western parts of Hungary, another important development, different in its course, but similar in results, took place in the 15th-17th centuries. An oven or stove, stoked in another room, appeared in the living room, which was also given a ceiling. This way a smoke-free, warm room came into being. The neighboring division of the house, where the heating device was stoked from, gradually turned into a kitchen, a second dwelling room. In the western regions of Hungary this had been the original chimneyless, one-room house which, after the addition of the living room, became a smoky kitchen. The third division was usually an unheated pantry. This type of house was considered very advanced in the 15th17th centuries. Further development was, however, checked by recurrent wars with the Turks for 150 years. The third division was also used as a bed-chamber in certain places, especially in the north and the south, where joint families were common. In the northern and eastern parts of Hungary attempts were only made in the 18th century to remove all smoke from the dwelling room through various funnels. The fire was fed in the dwelling room, so the kitchen became only known here from the early 19th century. In the second half of the 19th century a second living room was added in more and places or the old pantry was turned into one. Then a fourth division served as pantry (Fig. 1). The two dwelling rooms were often occupied by two families (the parents and a young couple), but it was more typical to use the front room („clean room") for the reception of guests. Chapter 3 follows the formation of the house with two rows of rooms. The homes of noblemen and city dwellers ( Fig. 3) had significant influence on the process. The architecture of the German minority (Fig. 4) settled in Hungary during the 18th century, also had its effect. The dwelling house of the Székelys living in eastern Transylvania, however, did not develop through the addition of further parts to the building but through the division of rooms (Fig. 2). Accordingly the double-rowed ground plan also has roots in the vernacular tradition. Chapter 4 discusses the gradual muring up of the porch (Figs. 57), a decorative element of Hungarian folk architecture that became widespread and characteristic in the 19th century. This process began almost simultaneously with the appearance of the porch and can be considered an internal development of the Hungarian peasant house. In the 20th century no porch but a narrow, second row of rooms was built right from the outset in many places of southern Hungary. The resulting small rooms greatly contributed to the differentiation of the ground plan and the functions of the various divisions of the home. The growing number of L shaped houses (Fig. 8), under the influence of urban models, is the subject of Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with the buildings belonging to the home but often positioned separately from the dwelling house. One of the most important is the summer kitchen (Fig. 9), gaining ground