Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 6. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1990)

SABJÁN TIBOR: Kívülfűtős kemencék bontási tapasztalatai

surrounded by a narrow ledge on whose side that was nearer the door there was a raised seat, a so-called kucik. Later a simple cooking range (with cooktop but without oven) was built on this raised part. Even later, while it was still in use, the kitchen range was renovated then the bench around the oven was removed. c) Mezőberény (Békés county) The roof tile oven taken down in Mezőberény stood in the first room of a dwelling house built in 1858. The nicely shaped oven, of no bench represents a type widespread in the Great Hungarian Plain. Its style of building, the careful execution of details all show it to be the work of a veritable expert. 2. WATTLE-FRAME OVENS Mud-walled oven can be made either with or without a frame. There are several methods for preparing a frame to support the fresh mud. The two ovens described below belong to the types with a frame woven of sticks. a) Dunapataj (Bács-Kiskun county) The Dunapataj oven, angular in shape, stood in the first room of a wattle-walled cotter's house. As it turned out during dismantling, its frame had been made of willow-twigs and reinforced with acacia stakes. When it was new, an angular bench surrounded the oven on whose side that was closer to the door, a kitchen range was built later. Near the end of the period of use both cooking range and bench were demolished. We took down the oven with the so-called slicing method that has proved good for the examination of ovens of this stucture. The sections of the wall showed well the traces of the frame which had burnt to ashes during the burning and, in that part of the low bank underlying the whole oven where the bench had been we could find remains of the sticks and stakes driven into the ground. On basis of the data resulting from the dismantling we could even undertake to make a drawing of the framework. In lack of more exact data we have estimated that the oven was constructed in the beginning of our century, or perhaps at the end of the last. b) Sükösd (Bács-Kiskun county) The wattle-framed oven, dismantled in Sükösd, stood in the first room of an ambitious and reasonably well-todo farmer. The house, dating from the 19th century, was renewed in 1886, but the oven was of even later origin; it was constructed in the 1930s. Its wattle-frame, as reconstructed from traces revealed in the course of dismantling, consisted of two structural parts: an inner frame of thicker acacia stakes and an outer one of thin wickerwork. Memories of oven making are still alive in Sükösd, so our observations made during taking it down could be completed with collected data. 3. BRICK OVENS a) Mád (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county) In the market town of Mád. situated in the north-eastern part of Hungary, we dismantled a brickvaulted oven sunk into the floor of the room. The oven, that was stoked from tuhe kitchen, used to belong to a heating ensemble comprising a tile stove with a lighting cabinet beside it. We have uncovered several periods of the lighting cabinet; the oldest belonged to an earlier (deeper) level of the floor of the room. Each member of the heating ensemble, documented in the course of dismantling and revealed during the research respectively, is well known as part of the interior of market town homes. What cannot be termed usual is this kind of arrangement (namely the stove on top of the oven). The six ovens presented in the study do not represent all the types of ovens that were stoked from outside and were known in Hungary. Even so their dismantling has resulted in valuable information for further research.