Balázs Eszter: Art in action. Lajos Kassák's Avant-Garde Journals from A Tett to Dokumentum, 1915-1927 - The avant-garde and its journals 3. (Budapest, 2017)

Gábor Dobó: Generation Change, Synthesis and a Programme for a New Society - Dokumentum in Budapest (1926-1927)

[5.] Air traffic in the metropolis [Flying omnibus, "Goliath"], Dokumentum, 1/4., 1927,17., 18., Budapest

in our case the journals, positioned themselves relative to each other and the political and economic powers. This model is particularly useful for describing the situation when new players enter the field and the system of relations is rearranged. In the Hungary of the 1920s, which was going through a process of legal, political and economic stabilization, the birth of Dokumentum and several other artistic and literary journals was such a moment. The authorities permitted the foundation of more and more periodicals. Eighteen newspapers were denied permits in 1926, but only half that number in 1927, indicating a sudden freedom on the press market.5 A partial amnesty allowed many intellectuals to return from their exile in Berlin and Vienna, and several of them launched journals aimed at literary circles.6 A common feature of the avant-garde and modernist journals launched between 1925 and 1927 - including Dokumentum - was the aim of carving out their own position in the Hungarian literary field as journals for “the young ones", and as alternatives to Nyugat.7 Nyugat was by then a highly prestigious literaryjournal, and it repeatedly proved itself capable of renewal (after the First World War, with its programme of “tradition-preserving modernity”8), so that it continued to be an attractive forum for young people with literary ambitions. Dust when the new wave of journal launches began, it greatly strengthened its position by announcing a programme of renewal aimed at nurturing talent and giving new writers public

5 Balázs Sipos, Sajtó és hatalom a Horthy-korszakban [Press and power in the Horthy era], Argumentum, Budapest, 2011,120.

6 A thorough account of the issue is Dávid Szolláth, Magyar irodalmi mező az 1920-as években [The Hungarian literary field in the 1920s], Literatura, 41/2., 2015,161-184.

7 On the theoretical background to the issue, see Pierre Bourdieu, The Rules of Art, Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field, Stanford UP, Palo Alto, 1996, 264-270.

8 György Tverdota, A hagyományőrző modernség születése [The birth of tradition-preserving modernity], Literatura, 40/2., 2014,119-132.

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