Pictures from the Past of the Healing Arts / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 18-19. (Budapest, 2000)

Pictures from the Past of the Healing Arts - Guide to the Exhibition

You can sec his medical diploma issued in 1828 and also his diploma in obstetrics granted in 1831 on display. Joseph Skoda's (1805-1881) Abhandlung über Percussion und Auscultation (Wien 1839) (A Treatise on Percussion and Auscultation) has also been arranged in the show-case. He was the first to combine these two methods of examination and thus provided pathological diagnostics with a firm basis. Skoda, a native of Bohemia, was educated in Vienna, where he stayed on as a professor later on. The third leading personality of the Second Vienna School was another Czech, Ferdinand Hebra (1816-1880) a close friend of Ignác Semmelweis. Hebra's interest was focused mainly on dermatology. His famous book on skin diseases, the Diagnostik der Hautkrankheiten was published in Vienna in 1845. His vast experience on this subject won him a world-wide reputation. Professor Hebra was the first to review Semmelweis's discovery. Beside this famous triad there were another branch of outstanding physicians among the members of the Second Vienna School. Joseph Hyrtl (1811-1849) was born in Hungary. Studied in Prague and Vienna, he was appointed professor of topographical anatomy at Vienna in 1845. His book, the Handbuch der Topographischen Anatomie, published in Vienna in 1865, is exhibited in the show-case. Next to the documents, books and portraits we have arranged a row of commemorate medals about the greatest personalities of the Vienna School. And above the windows we have arrayed a couple of portraits of the famous afore-mentioned Western European doctors of the early nineteenth century, Xavier Bichat (1771-1803), Jean Nicholas Corvisart (1755-1826), Philippe Pinel (17551826), and René Theophile Hÿųçintĥe Laennec (1813-1878), and a drawing of the latter's stethoscope. The medical tools we have displayed here are collected from surgery and dentistry labs together with some prescriptions of these times. The most interesting ones are as follows: a lithotriptor, a phlebotome, a trephine, a needle holder, and a pair of extracting forceps. 3. Medical relics of the Hungarian War of Independence

(1848-1849) The War of Independence in 1848-49 was an important mile-stone in Hungarian history. Though it was suppressed by Austria and her ally, the Tsarist Russia, many of its achievements survived. Among the fighters for national independence we find prominent personalities of the emerging medical School of Pest: János Balassa, Lajos Markusovszky, Sándor Lumniczer, Endre Kovács-Sebestyén, Ágost Sclioepf-Mérei, Frigyes Korányi, and Ferenc Flór. These celebrities of Hungarian medicine were united in their political objectives for national independence and a modern civil society. In medicine they had formed 67