Pictures from the Past of the Healing Arts / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 18-19. (Budapest, 2000)

Pictures from the Past of the Healing Arts - Guide to the Exhibition

the Holies factory are the prismatic bottles of the Jesuit pharmacy in Eger, decorated with the coat of arms of Bishop István Telekessy, the founder of the pharmacy (middle 18th century.) There are three more faience jars and a stone-ware one of later origin in the case, all manufactured in the same factory. The first faience factory in Buda was established by Domonkos Kuny (1754-1822) in 1785. He fabricated pharmacy vessels in great numbers: first faience and later stone-ware pots. The products of this factory were marked with the letters Of, which stand for Ofen, (the German name of Buda) and the special labels which had an encircling design of wreath of leaves. In the third show-case we have presented the products of those faience and stone-ware factories, that were established in the first half of the 19th ccntury. Due to the lower costs of production, stone-ware, the invention of Josiah Wedgwood (1730-1795), a British ceramist, soon spread all over in Hungary. A number of stone-ware factories were established: to mention only the biggests: Körmöcbánya (Kremnica, Slovakia) in 1800, Kassa (KoSice, Slovakia) in 1801, Pápa in 1802, Muránÿ (Muráñ, Slovakia), Igló (SpiSska Nová Ves, Slovakia) in 1812, Rozsnyó (Ro¿ñava, Slovakia) in 1810, Miskolc in 1832 and Apátfalva in 1814, etc. The old faience factories çhangçđ over to the production of stone-ware vessels: the Holies factory already in 1786, the Tata factory in 1824 and the Buda factory in 1809. The show-case presents the pharmacy jars of the above mentioned Hungarian factories in order to represent the development of Hungarian industry at the beginning of the 19th ccntury. China-ware (porcelain) invented in 1717 appeared to be rather expensive even at the end of the 18th century, thus only the aristocrats and the royal court could afford it. The attention of the new, wealthy bourgeoisie — including the owners of the pharmacies — was paid to the white-glazed vessels made of opal or milk-glass isnstead, which imitated porcđain but was certainly much cheaper. Hungarian glass works, e.g. that of Körmöcbánya, prođųççđ opal glass jars in great numbers. Two beautiful pieces made in the beginning of the 18th ccntury have been exhibited in the case. VII. Balneology in old Hungary Similarly to pharmacy jars, balneology is also presented as a separate unit and not within the general chronological order. Water cure is one of the oldest methods of healing. The Carpathian Basin has a remarkable number of thermal springs and spas so it was always an ideal place for bathing. The country also benefited heavily from its location at the crossroads of the West and East and different types of bathing have been smoothly adopted. The foundations were made by the Romans from the 1st to the 3rd ccntury AD. The fifteen dççađçs of Turkish rule contributed with the introduction of Eastern bathing customs, but even Northern habits, e.g. Scandinavian and Baltic saunas appeared 57