Claudius F. Mayer: From Plato to Pope Paul / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 17. (Budapest, 1989)

r¿m., 881) speaks in the same sense: "Licite contrahitur (matrimonium) in remeđiųm concupiscentiae, nihil aliud intendendo, more proles positive non impediatur, hoc enim sub mor ális non licet." 283 In the Hungarian Tr ipart it um Law, a decree dated 1514 states that highwaymen, when captured with arms, should be castrated. 284 The Austrian government planned to castrate (according to French sources) the two small sons of the hated Francis RÁKÓCZI "pour éteindre ä jamais une odieuse race". 285 BODIN J. (1597): Théatre de la nature universelle, 549.—Ambroise PARE complained of the travelling herniotomes who cut off "les coillons" of half-grown boys. In the late xviii. ct. this practice was still common in France. Cf. MAGYARY-KOSSA Gy. (1929): Ungarische medizinische Erinnerungen. Bp., 355. 286 Around 1772, Catherine II imprisoned the leaders of this movement. Then, mass emigration followed in 1776 to the Balkan. 287 In a letter to VOLTAIRE, in 1741, FREDERICK THE GREAT wrote that he regarded the people simply as a herd of deer in the park of a great noble, which has no other function than to people and to fill the enclosure. 288 F ŁÄNG ER (1792): Science of Legislation, Lond., q. by STANGELAND, 1. c., 120. 289 Philippe de BÉTHUNE (fl649): The Councillir or Estate (Lond., 1634).—Jean BODIN (15301596): The six books of a commonwealth, Lond., 1866. These work stimulate population. (Cf. GLASS (1952): Population Studies, 6: 85.) In Spain, Capitulos de reformáción, 1623, for the increase of population. 290 COLBERT encouraged immigration, made emigration difficult, except to the colonies set up a numerus clausus for priests and monastic orders, encouraged marriage by tax exemptions, and established pensions to fathers of large families. The Law of 1666 was an imitation of the Lex Papia et Poppaea. His edicts, almost fruitless, had to be revoked after 1683. The were nullified by the 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Yet even in 1711, a French official advocated a bonus of 20 livres to each newly wed couple, and until 1789 fathers of ten living children were occasionally exempted from tax.

—At the birth of his son, LOUIS XV gave orders that 600 maidens should be married at the State's expense. Similar customs existed also at other royal births, even in ancient Egypt. 291 The instructions almost amounted to guidelines for breeding studs and mares. 292 BODIN would prohibit intermarriage of the rich. 293 In Szabolcs County, Hungary (1600 A.D.) the first time the nose of the adulteress was cut off, next time she was thrown into water, and the husband was beaten up by the executioner. In 1647, the punishment for the same crime was decapitation. In the same County, in 1549, the adulterer was nailed to a pillar by his penis, and he was supposed to cut himself loose, and to demand pardon on his knees from his wife. Cf. MAGYARY-KOSSA. 1. c„ 1929.—'T. L. THAU (1719): Aufrichtiger Vorschlag, etc., suggested regulated polygamy to replace prostitution.

—G. W. LEIBNIZ (1646-1716) was against such marriage. 294 Revoked by Frederick Wilhelm in 1721. 295 In 1767, Maria Theresia also increased the soldiers' pay by 3 kreitzers a day for each legitimate child. 296 Collection of Raoul SPIFAME. 297 q. by SPENGLER, 1. c. footnote 233. 9. (footnote 11). 298 COLONNA E.

: De regimine principum (EP 1473).—Paul HAY (ca. 1670) suggested 20 and 18 years, instead of the low 14 and 12 of his time. Cf. SPRENGŁER. 1. c., p. 12.—MONTAIGNE (1580): Essays, thought that early marriage was advantageous for the working classes only.

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Chr. WOLFF (1679-1754) advocates early marriage (1721). 299 BOTERO, 1. c. footnote 188.—Also J. P. SUESSMILCH (1707-1767): Die göttliche Ordnung. (1741). 300 BECKER J. (1625-1685): Politische Discurs... (1668). 301 MORE, T. (1516): Utopia. 302 BABER, R. E. (1953): Marriage and the family. 2. ed., N. Y. 303 ÐUGARÐ S. (1645-1697): Peri Polypaidias. (1695). 304 E. g., BOTERO (1592), Jacob BORNITIUS (1608), Hermann LATHER (1583-1640), Caspar KŁOCK (1583-1655). CAMPANELLA.—James HARRINGTON (1611-1677): Oceana, would 64