J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)

G. Buzinkayt Hungarians on Great Britain, 1620—1848. (Observations on English Education and Public Health in Hungarian Travelogues)

G. Buzinkay: Hungarians on Great Britain, 1620 —1848... Besides amazements and "wonders", Great Britain gave a decisive stimulus to István Széchenyi in creating the programme of his reforms: his first travel to England in 1815 actually marks the beginning of the Hungarian Age of Reforms, and with it the birth of modern Hungary.

1

0 Other statesmen, politicians, reformers followed his example and a long process of travelling began to Great Britain. In the 1820-ies and 1830-ies Miklós Wesselényi, Sándor Bölöni Farkas, József Eötvös, Zsigmond Kemény, Ferenc Pulszky, Bertalan Szemere, Lőrinc Tóth, stayed there

—just to mention the most outstanding ones.

1

1 The new experiences, especially the significance of political and social ideas which have always been in the centre of interest in Hungary, contributed to the fact that in the memoirs and letters on Great Britain, the interest was focused mainly on English society and other questions were neglected even with authors who

—in other countries

—were equally interested in everything. Consequently, the Hungarian public, which could get acquainted with the experiences and thoughts of the great travellers through their memoirs were scarcely informed on the development of British education and public health. HUNGARIAN STUDENTS AND PHYSICIANS IN GREAT BRITAIN The first Hungarians to leave for England were mainly students. The above mentioned Nicolaus de Hungaria

—whose education was financed between 1193—95 by Richard the Lionheart himself, who granted him an allowance of half a mark

1

2

—was followed by Hungarian Protestant students. After 1622 when Tilly's armys attacked Heidelberg, young students streamed to England.

13 In Oxford and Cambridge 3 Hungarian Presbyterian students had board and lodgings.

1

4 In the course of the 18th century the already existing relations became closer despite the obstacles set by the political situation prevailing in the Habsburg lands. Ferenc Pápai Páriz doctor of medicine and Sándor Teleki applied for English aid in the interest of Bethlen College of Nagyenyed*, the College of the Protestants. The son of Imre Pápai Páriz happened to study in England and through him an application was presented to Queen Anne, the Archbishop of Canterbury and other nobilities, the result of which was that in that very year an appeal was made from each pulpit to start a collection. 1

0 Horváth, op. cit. p. 144. 1

1 Gál op. cit. pp. 73 — 96.; Gál, I.: Bölöni Farkas Sándor az angol radikálisok között (Sándor Bölöni Farkas among the English Radicals) in: Korunk (Our Age) 1967. 12. pp. 1729-1731. 1

2 Magyary-Kossa, Gy.

: Magyar orvosi emlékek (Medical Memories of Hungary) Vol. I. Budapest 1929. p. 10. 1

3 Magyary-Kossa, op. cit. 55. 1

4 P. Sza ĥmárÿ, K. : A GyulafehérvárNagyenyedi Bethlen-főtanoda története (History of Bethlen College at Gyulafehérvár-Nagyenyed) Nagyenyed 1898. p. 105. * Now Aiud in Rumania