J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)
M. Vida : Serving two Nations: Tivadar Duka (1825—1908)
i /¡_ 2 Medical History in Hungary 1972 (Comm. Hist. Artis Med. Suppl. 6.) security nor perspectives for a new life. It was in Paris that Duka established a warm relation with Count Gyula Andrássy, who was to be Prime Minister and later Austro-Hungarian foreign minister after making the Compromise with Austria together with Ferenc Deák; with László Szalay the historian, who had represented the Hungarian Government in 1848 in Frankfort, Paris and later in London; and with István Ttirr, who later made his name famous as general in Italy under Garibaldi and who cut the Isthmos at Corinth Duka recognized the hopelessness of his situation in Paris and turned his attention towards England. In the early 1850's England was the only place in Europe where foreigners were not subject to molestations by the police and civil liberties existed not only on paper but in everyday life as well. For the sounder and more moderate part of the exiles finding a living was considered the most essential and England offered the best opportunities for that. The endless row of the fugitives started already in the 1830's: Poles followed by Germans, French, Italians, and Russians. In the beginning of 1850 the Hungarian colony started to grow, the politicians were joined by journalists, officers and soldiers. It was not an easy task to arrange for all of them to learn the language and find some occupation. Some of them had to take up a new profession; Ferenc Pulszky wrote novels, Miksa Schlesinger the physician edited a lithographic print in English, Surgeon-Major Mátyás Róth popularized Swedish-movements (kinesiatrics). Some, like the barrister János Xantus, left for the United Sates after many unsuccessful attempts to find some occupation. 9 Duka arrived in England in the first part of 1850 in the company of Türr, whom he probably had already known as another aide-de-camp on Görgey's staff. His presence in England is testified by a letter sent by Pulszky to Kossuth in the middle of 1850, which informs the former Governor that the officers get on well with each other, dissociating themselves only from Duka, Görgey's aide-de-camp. 1 0 Duka indeed remained the loyal supporter of Görgey and was later in favour of restoring Hungary's rights by peaceful means, but was the first to sign a declaration of loyalty to Kossuth in 1852 when the London exiles answered the accusations of two former ministers, Count Kázmér Batthyány and Bertalan Szemere, who attacked Kossuth in the press. 1 1 This did not, however, change the feelings of Kossuth and his followers who had no confidence in Görgey's man, although a former colonel of the honvéds, Miklós Kiss, who later became a confident of Kossuth as one of the leadres of the 9 Jánossy, Dénes : A Kossuth-emigráció Angliában és Amerikában. (The KossuthEmigration in England and America.) 1851—1852. Vol. I. Budapest, 1940. p. 79. 1 0 Ferenc Pulszky to Lajos Kossuth. London, July 30 1850. Budapest, Országos Levéltár. (National Archives) Kossuth-hagyaték. 1 1 Declaration of Allegiance to Kossuth by the Emigrants in London. London, February 19 1852. Budapest, Országos Levéltár, Kossuth-hagyaték. Cf. Jánossy: Op. cit. Vol. II. p. 5ft 4.
