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PSZICHIÁTRIATÖRTÉNETI KÖZLEMÉNYEK - Pisztora Ferenc: A schizophrenia és a paranoid kórformák gyógyítási kísérletei a Monarchia korabeli Magyarország különféle psychiátriai intézményeiben

Schwartzer F. : A Budai Magán Elme és Ideggyógyintézet tudósítója és tizenkét évi működésének eredménye. Buda, 1864, 1—15. Schwartzer F.: Jelentés a Budai Magán Elme és Ideggyógyintézet orvosi működéséről 1865ben. Buda, 1866, 1—14. Simon T.: A psychiátriai-neurológiai osztály kialakulása, története. In: Fővárosi Tanács János Kórház Jubileumi Évkönyve. Budapest, 1970, 78—82. Stein F.: Elmegyógyintézeti fürdők. In: Az 1900. évi Első Országos Elmeorvosi Értekezlet Munkálatai. Budapest, 1901, 164—174. Szirtes Gy.: Lipótmező fejlődése 1900—1945 között. In: Az Országos Ideg és Elmegyógyintézet 100 éve. Budapest, 1968, 83—96. Utasítás a Székesfővárosi közkórházi elmebetegosztályán alkalmazott ápolók és ápolónők számára. Budapest, 1916, 1—20. Veritbek G. : Az elmebetegségek beosztása az elmegyógyintézetek statisztikájának szempontjából. In: Az 1900. évi Első Országos Elmeorvosi Értekezlet Munkálatai. Budapest, 1901, 175—179. Zsakó L: A Budapest-angyalföldi m. kir, állami elme és ideggyógyintézet története. In: A Budapesti Angyalföldi Elme és Ideggyógyintézet Emlékkönyve 1883—1933. Budapesc, 1933, 9—61. Summary 1. Since therapy has a key position in all branches of medicine — so in psychiatry as well —, its study can provide information on the general medical conception of a given period, on the aetiopathogenetic conceptions, on the level of the technology of healing and so on. Author has found especially convenient for the purpose the study of attempts at the treatment of schizophrenias and paranoid affections partly because of the relatively frequent occurrence of these diseases and partly for their importance in psychiatry. 2. Studying this question in the psychiatry of Hungary during the period of the Austro

— Hungarian Monarchy, we may state first of all that most of our psychiatrists then disposed of a very extended and profound clinical practice and of outstandingly rich and refined diagnostic experience. This was the base — beside their personal therapeutic qualities — for their colourful and versatile healing attitudes, manifold therapeutic processes, and for their brilliant observations on treatments. Generally speaking, in the period of dualism the therapeutic view and practice of the most prominent Hungarian psychiatrists were characterized by attention and care towards the physical and spiritual needs of the patient, in the course of the different treatments they aimed at an overall synthesis as well as at an individual approach and eclecticism depending on the particularities of the disease and the patient. 3. Respecting schizophrenias of unfavourable prognosis and paranoid diseases of even more unfavourable prognosis, psychiatrists of the Monarchy had to restrict themselves to symptomatic treatment and remained within the frames of "interinstitutional" resocialisation and rehabilitation. They thought important to take out the patients from their surroundings, and separate them in an institution, to treat their somatic complaints, roborate their body and if necessary, to employ sedative baths. At the same time they emphasized the importance of broadscale and intensive work thérapie employment of the patients in order to distract thsm from their delusions and to engage their attention. Besides, in case of necessity, they did not recoil from the employment of"chemicalforce" which corresponded to the pharmaeothsrapeutic possibilities of the age. 4. Within the therapeutic arsenal of the age, compared to individual psychotherapy an ess;n:ially greater role was given to initiatives of different occupational and social therapeutics, so to say in all types of psychiatrical institutions. It is to be noted, however, that social therapy was mainly practised in its passive form, that is they tried to amuse in many ways