Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 89-91. (Budapest, 1980)

TANULMÁNYOK - Schultheisz, Emil: A középkori magyarországi egyetemek és kapcsolatuk Krakkóval (angol nyelven)

students where the conditions favoured them. We do not know whether medicine was represented in this Studium generale, neither are we acquainted with the time of its cessation. King Louis the Great of Hungary founded a university in Pécs (Quinque Ecclesia). The establishment and the privileges were asserted by Pope Urban V in a bull dated from Viterbo Sept. 1, 1367. He refused, however, to give assent to the establishment of a theological faculty, just as such faculties originally were not allowed to work in Cracow and Vienna either. In the popal bull confirming the University of Pécs as well as in the similar charters of the University of Cracow three years earlier (Avignon Sept.l, 1364) we find literal congruencies. According to the Bull confirming the University of Pécs : „.. . et quod legentes et studentes ibidem omnibus privilegiis libertatibus et immunitatibus . . . gaudeant ..." and further on "quod magistris et doctoribus, qui in huiusmodi legent studio, per regnum Ungaeria pro tempore existentem in competentibus stipendiis provideatur

'." It is still under discussion whether medicine had been taught at this university and how long the University of Pécs had existed. The names of some of its teachers are known, however. We learn for example from the letter of Pope Gregory XI that Galvano da Bologna "in ipso Paduano et Quinqueeclesiensi studius legit laudabiliter et ordinäre decretis" (Aug. 1374). King Mathias Corvinus had turned to Pope Paul II with the plan of establishing another university. The answer of the pope runs as follows: "In regno Ungariae, licet amplo et fertili non viget aliquod stúdium générale"" (1465). The University established by King Mathias was the well-known Academia Istropolitana in Pozsony. No doubt that medicine was taught in this stúdium generale. The most famous teacher in medicine was "Petrus doctor Artium et Medicináé preterea Magistrum doctorem arcium ut iam, Domino annuente in ilia universitate, id

f quod institutum est, executionis demandetur, incipiantque lectionem" mentioned in a letter by Archbishop Johann Vitéz on July 18, 1470. Also mentioned is the name of the Polish Magister medicináé Martius Ilkusch. There is a difference between teaching and degree-giving institutions (the universities) and only teaching medical schools as they arose in the form of private medical schools established in Europe — especially in Hungary — for preparing students for higher university studies outside the country.

.. The degree given by the University of Pozsony was also accepted in Vienna. In the Matriculum Universitatis Viennensis anno 1470 I found the following name: Michael Penckler baccalaureus medicináé de Posonio. He became fellow of the collegium Medicum of the University of Vienna. After King Mathias' victory on the Turks, the Academia Tstropolitana moved to Buda, the seat of the royal court, in 1475. The reoccupation of Buda from the Turks brought about the cessation of the university. Later on, most of the professors of the University of Buda had turned Protestant and had left Hungary. The fact that a full University existed in Hungary even in 1530, is testified by the letter of Croke, English ambassador at Venice. In connection with the impending divorce he writes to his sovereign King Henry VIII. : "Doubt not that all chr. universities, if handled will earntly conclude for the king. Think it would be very expedient to obtain their assent in Italy, France, Almagne, Austria, Hungary and Scotland." Before the arisal of the Academia Istropolitana, another university was founded by Sigismund from the House Luxemburg, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire