Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 89-91. (Budapest, 1980)

TANULMÁNYOK - Mirszkij, M. B.: A veseátültetés problémájának története a szovjet orvostudományban (orosz nyelven)

AHypeaa y coöaxn c nepecaaceHHOË neHHepBHpoBaHHoË nonxoË. Hanöonee onpenejieHHO o BHHHHHH penHHepBanHH nepecaaceHHOË HOHXH Bi>icKa3ajiHCb T. M. Iïïnyra H A. A. JleöeneB (1956): no nx MHCHHIO, BOccTaHOBneHne HHHepBannn HBnaeTca ycnoBHeM nna BOccraHOBneHHH (byHxnnE nonxn, HapyineHHbix nocjie nepecanxn. BaacHaa ponb Hep B HO H CHCTCMH B perynannn cbymcnnË nepecaaceHHOË nonxn, ee MoneoTnennTenbHaii cbyHKmra 6binn ocBeuieHbi BO MHOTHX HccnenoBaHHax, B TOM nncne B paőoTax MOCXOBCXHX xnpyproB A. A. BnuiHeBcxoro n coaBTopoB (1952), H). A. rpHiiMaHa H B. O. Ma3HHOË (1952), HccnenoBaTenbHHnbi H3 Fopbxoro A. A. riaBnoBCKOH (1951), XHCBCXHX xHpyproB M. B. EpMaxoBa H K). K). BopoHoro (1953), MOCXOBCXOH HccnenoBaTenbHHTTbi T. B. KanHHHHOË (1955) H np. B cepenHHe 50-x ronoB, xorna B pa3BHTHH COBCTCXOË TpaHcnnaHTonorHH HacTynnn HOBWË, öonee nnonoTBopHbiË 3Tan, B sxcnepHMeHTanbHbix HccnenoBaHHax CTamï rnyöoKO H3ynarb pa3nHHHbie acnexTbi npoöneMW TpaHcnnaHTannn HOHXH. 06 STHX HccnejioBaHHax cooönianocb Ha perynapHO npoBonnMbix B CCCP C 1957 r. BcecoI03HMX xoHcpepeHHHax no TpaHcnnaHTannH opraHOB H TxaHeË. BonbHiyK) ponb B nporpecce npoöneMW xnHHHnecxoË nepecanxn nonex curpann AOCTHHceHHa B pa3nHHHbix oönacrax önonornn, TeopeTHiecxoË n npaxTnnecxoË MennnnHbi. Henpexonaniee 3HaneHHe HMeno pa3BHTHe TpaHcnnaHTanHOHHOË HMMyiionorHH ocHOBbi KOTOpoË őbMH 3anoaceHbi eine B XOHHC XIX sexa H. H. MenHHxoBbiM. OcoöeHHO BaacHbiM öbino ycTaHOBneHHe 3axoHOMepHocTeË TpaHcimaHTanHOHHoro HMMyHHTeTa, BO3MOÎKHOCTH ananTaunn opraHH3Ma x aHTHreHaM (Medawar et al., 1945—1947; Burnet, 1949; T. B. JIonaruoB H O. B. CrpoeBa, 1950, H np.). BaacHbiM öbino H3o6peTeHHe ronnaHflcxHM yneHbiM Kolff annapaTa „HcxyccTBeHHaa nonxa" (1944) H nocnenytomee BHenpeHHe sroro annapara B MeflHnxiHcxyio npaxTHxy. CymecTBenHyKD ponb cwrpano H coBepmencTBOBaHHe MeTOnOB cocynncTOro uiBa, B nacTHOcTH, noaBneHne B CCCP MexaHHnecxnx cocynocuiHBaiomHx annapaTOB (B. <5. TynoB H coaBT. 1950), xOTOpbie npHMeHiuiHCb nna nepecanxn nonxn B sxcnepHMeHTe H B xnHHHxe. 3xcnepHMeHTbi no TpaHcnnaHTannH nonex npoBonnnHCb B pa3nHHHbix CTpaHax. Tax, aMepHxaHCKHe HccnenoBaTenn Parkinson H Woodworth (1947) nepecaacHBann xo3aM Ha nieK) xax ayTOnornnHbie, Tax H roMonornnHbie HOHXH. OHH OTMerann xopouiee xonnaTepanbHoe xpoBooöparneHne; ayTOTpaHcnnaHTaTbi npononacann (pyHxUHOHHpoBaTb naace npn TpoMÖ03e rnaBHbix xpoßenocHbix cocynoB. OpaHny3cxnn Hecpponor Hamburger (1947) ycraHOBHn Baacuoe 3HaneHne renapHHa B yMCHbmeHHH pncxa TpoMÖ03a nocne nepecanxn nonex: OH H3ynan Taxace 3<J)tpexT nmeMHH npn nepexpbiTHH nonenHwx cocynoB H ynaneHHH HOHXH. OpaHH.y3CXHË HCcnenoBaTenb Quodot (1948), npoH3BOAHBniHË nepecanxy nonex Ha meio y coôax, npHineji x BMBOjry, HTO OTBeneHHe MOHH nocpencTBOM nonxoaaioË yperpocTOMHH HBnaeTCfl HeynOBneTBopHTenbHbiM. 3TOT çbaxT BnocnencTBHH nonTBepnHn aHrnnËcxHË yponor Dempster (1950—1955),H3ynaBinHHpeacHM paöoTbi nonex, nepecaaceHHbix Ha meio őop3bix coôax, H npyrne HccnenoBaTenn. IIoynHTenbHbie naHHbie o „noßeneHHH" roMOTpaHcnnaHTHpoBaHHbix nonex B 3KcnepHMeHTe nonynnnn Taxace oenbrnËcxnË xnpypr Lefebre (1946—1953), narCXHË yponor Simonsen n coaBTopbi (1949—1953),aMepHxaHcxHe xnpyprn Murray (1953—1955), De Klerk H coaBTopu (1954), Humen Egdahl (1955) H np. B nacTHocm, 3xcnepHMeHTbi Hume (1955), npoBeneHHbie Ha coôaxax, cBHneTenbcrBOBanH o6 ocoooË ponn xopTHXocTeponnOB, nOAaBnHKDIIIHX ocTpyio peaxuHK) OTTOpaceHHH H yBenHHHBaiouTHX npononacHTenbHOCTb (byHxunoHnpoBaHHa nepecaaceHHOË nonxH.