Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 66-68. (Budapest, 1973)

TANULMÁNYOK - Regöly-Mérei Gyula: A középkori és régi magyar egyetemek, különös tekintettel a budapesti orvosi kar jelentőségére a tudománytörténetben (angol nyelven)

academy, in which medicine was taught, existed in Esztergom since the XL century. In the bull of Pope Boniface IX. (1399) dealing with the students of that place we certainly find some data, and even the name of the instructing master is mentioned: "Johannes Marci, cannonicus ecclesiae Strigoniensis et archidiaconus Borsensis •.. antiquior pro tempore et dicto Collegio in theologiae, medicináé vei artibus Magister" (Linzbauer). In one of the bulls of Pope Innocent IV. issued in 1246 reference had been made to French, Italian, and Hungarian universities. Obviously the Academy of Veszprém can be meant here, which had developed from the local chapter school presumably during the reign of King Béla III. (1148-1196). As a result of inland strives the greatest part of the town Veszprém was destroyed in 1275, the damage amounted to 50,000 silver giras, in which the library of the Academy had a share of 3,000 silver giras. This must be regarded as a considerable sum, because the expenses paid by Vid of Guthkeled in 1263 for having the Bible copied came to 70 silver giras, a sum equal to the price of two villages. The Studium generale of Veszprém, where civil law, theology and the "seven free arts" (Latin, rhetoric, philosophy, mathematics, music, geometry and astronomy) were taught was etablished in the early period of the Hungarian Kingsdom. According to the deed of endoement granted in 1276 by László IV., king of Hungary, teaching in the Academy (stúdium generale) of Veszprém was based on the educational principles of Paris. The donations-charter contains namely the following: "Liberalium artium studia per quae mandata maxime divina manifestius declarantur, prout Parisius in Francia, doctrine praeeminentia docentium ...". László IV. king of Hungary, ally of Rudolph of Habsburg, by aiding with his army, contributed to the victory won at Marchfeld (1278) over Ottokár, king of Bohemia, As the Academy of Veszprém was modelled on the system of the University of Paris, it can also be laid down that the former stúdium particulare of Veszprém preserved its ecclesiastic character even in the period when it was a Studium generale. We do not know wether medicine had been taught there, neither are we acquainted with the time of its cessation. Lajos I—Louis the Great— king of Hungary founded a university in Pécs (Quinque-Ecclesia), the etablishment and the privileges of which were assented to by Pope Urban V in a bull dated from Viterbo Sept. 1, 1367. He refused however to give assent to the etablishment of theological faculty, just as such faculties were originally not allowed to work in Cracow and Vienna either. In the papal bull confirming the University of Pécs as well as in the similar charters of the Universities of Cracow (Avignon Sept. 1, 1364) and Vienna (Avignon June 18, 1365) we often find literal congruencies. According to the bull confirming the University of Pécs: ". , , et quod legentes et studentes ibidem omnibus privilegiis, libertatibus et immunitatibus .,, gaudeant

...", and further on "quod magistris et doctoribus, qui in huiusmodi legent studio, per regem Ungariae pro tempore existentem in competentibus stipendiis provideatur". The ancient sources concerning the University of Pécs were destroyed during the Turkish wars. For want of definite data we do not know, whether medicine had been taught at the university. The names of some of its teachers