KOVÁCS TIBOR: TUMULUS CULTURE CEMETERIES OF TISZAFÜRED / Régészeti Füzetek II/17. (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Budapest, 1975)
Notes
7 1 Daggers with three rivets already occur during the Koszider period: grave 21 of Dolny Peter (DUSEK 1969, 63-64, Fig. 10, no. 8.) and grave D 293 of Tiszafüred (KOVÁCS 1975). 7 2 E. PLESL, Zur Besiedlung Nordwestböhmen in der mittleren Bronzezeit. PA 45 (1954) 240, Fig. 7. no. 1. 7 3 For this hypothesis with different chronological and ethnic conclusions see I. BÓNA, Geschichte der frühen und . mittleren Bronzezeit in Ungarn und im mittleren Donauraum. Annales 3 (1961) 21 and chronological tables; KOVÁCS 1966a, 197-198; ID., A százhalombattai bronzkori telep (The Bronze Age Settlement at Százhalombatta). Arch. Ért. 96 (1969) 168-169; KEMENCZEI 1969, 159-164. 7 4BÁNDI-KOVÁCS 1969-70, 109-111. 7 5Cf. Pl. 5. Fig. nos. 58/1-3, Pl. 13. no. 150/2. 7 6Four territorial groups of the Tumulus culture can be distinguished on the Great Hungarian Plain: a) North-Plain group (KALICZ 1958; KOVÁCS 1966a; KEMENCZEI 1969;), b) South-Plain group (TROGMAYER 1969; TROGMAYER 1965; ID., Der Schatzfund von Baks-Levelény. MFMÉ 1966-67. 28-29; FOLTINY 1968), c) Hajdubagos group (KOVÁCS 1970), d) Rákóczifalva group (KOVÁCS 1966b). 7 7In this respect the name (Tumulus culture" is wrong and highly misleading the same way as the use of different relative chronologies by the scholars of different countries. Therefore it is important to state the following: according to the Hungarian investigations the early phase of the Tumulus Culture Carpathian region corresponds with the R B2—BC period, its later phase covers the R BD period roughly. 7 8 Cf. KEMENCZEI 1967; ID., A pilinyi kultúra tagolása. (Ein Beitrag zu Frage der Gliederung der Pilinyer Kultur). Arch. Ért. 92 (1965) 3-26; ZS. CSALOG-T. KEMENCZEI, A Jászberény-Cserőhalmi későbronzkori temető (Das spätbronzezeitliche Gräberfeld von Jászberény— Cserőhalom). Arch. Ért. 93 (1966) 65—67. 7 9 This process happened earlier in Transdanubia and at the southern part of the Plain. The pottery industry of the inhabitants (Szeremle culture) almost did not effect the local later Bronze Age pottery at all. The reason for this may be found in the special technology of the so called lime incrusted decorations. 8 0The chronological division of the graves can only be considered informative, since this can change in the course of further investigation. 8 1 BONA 1959; BONA 1960; TROGMAYER 1965; P. PAT AY, Egy miniatűr bronz diadéma (A Miniature Bronze Diadem). Arch. Ért. 94 (1967) 53—58; T. KOVÁCS, Bronzkori harangszoknyás szobrok a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum gyűjteményében (Bronze Age Bell-skirted Statuettes int the Collection of the Hungarian National Museum) Arch. Ért. 99(1972) 47-49. 8 2MOZSOLICS 1967, 94-95; J. TOPÁL, Bronzkori ékszerlelet Ócsárol (A Bronze Jewel Find at Ócsa). Arch. Ért. 100(1973) 3, Pl. 6. no. 1. 8 3The hammered motives preserve the traditions of the Koszider metallurgy, wheras the decoration of concentric circles is frequent on the bronze plate jewelry of the Tumulus culture: O. TROGMAYER, A Szeged— Nagyszéksósi bronzöv (Der Bronzegürtel von Szeged-Nagyszéksós) MFMÉ 1958-59, 53-58, Pl. 1; MOZSOLICS 1973, 48, Pl. 1. 8 4There is a possibility that the bent rimmed bronze plates were parts of diadems or leather belts. 8 5 Bronze buttons were defined as shirt or dress edge decorations by Feustel (FEUSTEL 1958, 51.). According to the observations of Otto Trogmayer they could have decorated belts also (TROGMAYER 1965, 54.). 8 6 BONA 1960, Figs. 1,4. 8 7 One of the unique remains of the Füzesabony culture was found in the Middle Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszafüred. The so called bodkin was found not only on the shoulders of skeletons, but all over. It is possible that this kind of pin served to hold the shroud together. 8 8 FEUSTEL 1958, 51, Pl. 1. 8 9 Op. cit. 50-51. 9 0 TROGMAYER 1965, 52-53. 9 1 A deviation of this „rule" was noticed only in the case of the child's grave 256. There was only one pin on the shoulder of the richly jeweled body. 9 2 E. DÖRNER, Der Goldfund von Sintana-Arad. Dacia4 (1960) 471-; MOZSOLICS 1965-66, 22-23; TROGMAYER 1967, 22-24; KOVÁCS 1970, 38; MOZSOLICS 1973, 95-96. 9 3 MOZSOLICS 1973, 99-100. 9 4 Only the southern part of the Plain is an exeption to this, where twisted-ended undecorated torques were worn by the people of the Early and Middle Bronze Age: MOZSOLICS 1967, 69-72; KALICZ 1968, 163, 178.
