Körmöczi Katalin szerk.: Historical Exhibition of the Hungarian National Museum 3 - From the End of the Turkish Wars to the Millennium - The history of Hungary in the 18th and 19th centuries (Budapest, 2001)

ROOM 15. Education, Science and Culture at the End of the 19th Century (Katalin Körmöczi - Eszter Aczél - Annamária T. Németh - Edit Haider)

61. Baron József Eötvös (1813-1871), Painting by Gyula Stetka, 2nd half of the 19th century hung in the skylit hall - where the present exhibition shows the second half of the 19th century. In the closing decades of the century, specialist museums came into existence on the basis of collections made over to them by the Hungarian National Museum: the Museum of Applied Arts, the Museum of Fine Arts, the Ethnographical Museum, and the Museum of Agriculture. THE PRESS AND POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE TIME OF ABSOLUTISM AND DUALISM Indicative of the diversity of intellectual life was the Press, of which we provide a survey according to political and intellectual trends. By the end of the period, the Hungarian Press, forced after Világos (Siria) to struggle for its very existence, had, despite the attempts of absolutism to keep it down, developed into an institutionalized bourgeois Press publishing in Hungarian and in the languages of the nationalities. (In this, it had been helped by a nation becoming acquainted with the need for the bourgeois-type laws enacted by the very same absolutism, and for bourgeois culture.) In the Habsburg empire with the exception of Vienna, more Press products were published in the Hungarian capital than anywhere else, and in the greatest selection. There were political daily newspapers serving as the organs of parties and political trends, gossip papers, humorous papers, family papers, cultural weekly papers, specialist papers, and literary papers and periodicals. A selection from our tableau: political papers after 1849, the Church and socialist Press, joke papers, specialist papers, educational, cultural and literary papers, peri62. Gilded silver peduma presented by Francis Joseph to the rector of the Royal Hungarian University of Arts and Sciences, Kolozsvár (Cluj), 1896