Körmöczi Katalin szerk.: Historical Exhibition of the Hungarian National Museum 3 - From the End of the Turkish Wars to the Millennium - The history of Hungary in the 18th and 19th centuries (Budapest, 2001)

ROOM 15. Education, Science and Culture at the End of the 19th Century (Katalin Körmöczi - Eszter Aczél - Annamária T. Németh - Edit Haider)

74. Zsolnay porcelain vase with brocade pattern, 1898 ning of the century mostly uncoloured and were embellished by means of engraving. Later on, thick-walled, coloured glasses in the Biedermeier style (which were mostly blown) were chiselled, ground, painted and gilded (Fig. 76). In the second half of the century a new style appeared at the Zahn glassworks at Zlatnó (Zlatno), at the Zay glassworks at Ugróc (Uhrovec), and at the Budapest workshop of Henrik Giergl, where Historicist, Hungarian-style and oriental-type ornamental dishes were made. The invention of Leó Pantocsek (Zlatnó, 1856), iridescent glass with a metallic shine, became the Secession's most favoured technique for embellishing surfaces, not only in Hungary, but also internationally. In the 19th century, gunsmith's art, which preserved the traditions of the 18th century, continued to flourish, with nearly 300 plants operating. The most eminent gunmakers were the Kirner family. György Kirner had set up a weapons-manufacturing workshop in Buda in 1808. With József Kimer, he established the Király utca precinct in Pest which later developed into a factory. In 1842, at the first industrial exhibition, Kossuth spoke appreciatively of the Hungarian weapons industry, laying emphasis on the artistic weapons of the Kimer workshop. As a supplier of the imperial and royal court, József Kimer the Younger, representing the third generation, achieved world with his jewelled weapons, as well as successes at world exhibitions. At the Millennial Exhibition, he displayed the hunting gun he had created for Crown Prince Rudolf; this was the last glimmering of what earlier on had been a fine and elegant branch of industry. The ironworks established near iron-ore deposits were founded to manufacture munitions, guns and cannonballs. With the development of iron-smelting however, a new branch of art developed, that of cast-iron art, the golden age of which was the period of the 18th and 19th centuries. Important works of Hungarian castiron art were created at Rhonic (Hronec) and Demo (Dmava) in Upper Hungary, at Bogsán (Bocsa Montana), Resicabánya (Résida) and Ruszkabánya (Rusca Montana) in Transylvania, and around Munkács in the Bereg region. The forms taken