Kovács Tibor - Stanczik Ilona (szerk.): Bronze Age tell settlements of the Great Hungarian Plain I. (Inventaria Praehistorica Hungariae 1; Budapest, 1988)
Sándor BÖKÖNYI: Animal remains from Bronze Age tells in the Berettyó valley
prehistory 5 to 10% adult and mature pigs could keep a pig population on a given level and even increase it. 14 It is rather difficult to explain this high number of adult and mature pigs; perhaps the inhabitants exchanged the surplus animals for some other commodities. The second group consists of horse and dog. Their shared characteristic is that they mainly died or were slaughtered in their adult and mature age (between 66.67 and 100%), and that only a few or none at all died as juvenile animals. This probably means that they were not or rarely eaten. The few young individuals could have died from some'disease of young animals. Thus, this group was only exploited secondarily, the horse being used a draught animal or for riding, and the dog serving as a hunting companion, a herd- or a watch-dog. The third group is represented by cattle and caprovines, with 35 to 43% young and subadult individuals, and 57 to 65% adult and mature individuals. This shows that the main-but not only —use of this group was secondary (milk and draught power in the case of cattle, and wool and milk in the case of sheep), and that they played an essential role as meat producers too. The meat production of cattle should not be underestimated. Since the meat quantity of a cow is equivalent to that of 7 caprovines or 4 to 5 pigs, cattle gave 70 to 84% of all domestic meat on these sites; the ratio of caprovines was only 6.5 to 11%, and that of pig 9.5 to 19.5% (if it assumed that dog was not eaten). MEASUREMENT TABLES A abréviations: Bujf.-Szil. = Berettyóújfalu-Szilhalom; Bak.-Kád. = Bakonszeg-Kádárdomb; Gáb.-Csap. = Gáborjánszeg-Csapszékpart; * cuca Horn-core Measurements: site Bujf.-Szil. Bujf.-Szü. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Gáb.-Csap. Gáb.-Csap. Gáb.-Csap. Bak.-Kád. Gáb.-Csap. Upper row of teeth site Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Gáb.-Csap. Bujf.-Szil. Bujf.-Szil. Bujf.-Szü. Bujf.-Szil. Bujf.-Szil. Bujf.-Szü. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. Bak.-Kád. 130* 170* Measurements: 50 46 48 51 greatest length greatest diameter smallest diameter circumference of base 50 44 60 75 63 82 88 34 41 P 4 1. P 1 (P 2 ) 2. M, -M, 3. length of M : 4. length of P 4 78.5 80 60 68 70 69 67* 68.5 67 71 73 38 37 47.5 54 41 52 64 21 25 82 27.5 32 34 34 33 34 31* 33 34 35 36 36.5 42 146 130 165 205 160 236 240 88 108 species cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle cattle sheep sheep 53 species cattle cattle cattle pig 6 Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig Pig P'g Pig pig Pig pig wild swine wild swine
