Voit Pál: Barokk tervek és vázlatok (1650-1760) (A Magyar Nemzeti Galéria kiadványai 1980)

visual conception preserving the reminiscence of the facade of the gothic cathedrals — two towers were built. The altars of the sidechapels, opening from the nave, were put — instead of the longitudinal wall-on the partition in the place of the passages to the row of chapels, thus granting them a complete view at first glance. This arrangement is the so called "Vienna norm" according to which a number of Jesuit churches were built in Hungary, too, as in Győr, Trencsén, Szakolca, Kassa, Eperjes, Eger, Pécs, Kolozsvár, the Piarist church in Debrecen and the church of the Order of the Hermits of St. Paul in Budapest. A late surviving example of this scheme, plan of the episcopal cathedral in Nagyvárad, will be shown at our next exhibition. As late as in 1769, the year of its building, reservation was made that the building should be carried out "ad normam Eccleseae Societatis Jesu Academicae Viennensis". A drawing from the 17th century — very probably a plan-variant for the church in Kolozsvár — represents the facade of this type (Cat. No. 1.). The ground-plan of the "Vienna norm" is represented by the survey — dating from 1686 — of the afore mentioned church in Nagyszombat (Cat. No. 7.). The architect's identity of the church of Nagyszombat is still controversial. In 1629, two years after the foundationstone of the Vienna Jesuit church had been laid, the palatine Esterházy made a contract with master Antonio — "cum Magistro Antonio in aedificio templi Sancti Joannis Tyrnaviae Patrum Societatis Jesu" — for the construction of the church. According to written documents this master was Antonio Spazzo. However, after the text written on the portrait kept in the sacristy of the church ("Petrus Spaz Basilicae S. Joan. Bapt. Aedificator") Pietro Spazzo declared himself the architect of the work. Consequently we possess the first Hungarian architect's portrait, and from the sources we know that at the constructing works of the Jesuit church he controlled the process of the work all through. He was a much respected and frequently employed master in the Highlands, who settled down in Nagyszombat. In 1657 the rector of the Jesuits awarded him a medal, in 1662 the emperor Leopold raised him to noble rank, his letter of nobility with the coat-ofarms has come down to us. In his will, dated in 1676, he left a significant sum on his main work, named by this time the University church of Nagyszombat. The groundplan — exhibited here — of the church, dating from 1686 — might be the work of one of the members of the large Spazzo architect family working in the Highlands. A descendant of this family — named Pietro Spazzo — was mentioned in a document in 1704, from 1765 on an other Jesuit Pietro Spazzo was lecturer of architecture at the University of Nagyszombat, whose book "Materia Tentaminis publ. ex Architectura" is one of the first histories of architecture published in Hungary. The last member of the great architect family, active for nearly two centuries in Hungary, died in 1797. During the sweep of counter-reformation, in the service of the Jesuits, prelates and aristocrats, a number of Italian master-builders excelled in the territories unoccupied by the Turks. The successful war of liberation meant a turning—point for architecture too. New monastic orders settled down in the liberated territories; castles were erected by the new landowners on their reorganized lands. Italians were succeeded by architects coming from the Hapsburg-empire. The masters of Italian origin were Italians by name only, as Donato Felice Allio, builder of the county hall of Zalaegerszeg. In the catalogue his activity is represented by the plan of the already demolished arsenal of Buda (Cat. Nos. 24—25). Around 1730 Franz Allio worked on the Batthyány castle in Körmend, the plan of „Sala Terrena" — serving as boiler room at present — is shown here (Cat. No. 30.}. Giovanni Battista Carlone was the builder of the former Jesuit church in Eger and the Piarist church in Debrecen, the Minorite church in Miskolc, the Franciscan churches in Eger and Szolnok, the church of the Hermits of St. Paul at Sajólád. He had settled in Eger and should be considered as a rather significant master. From among his plans we can only show that of the house of pheasantry at Kerecsend, accomplished to the order of the bishop of Eger (Cat. Nos. 22-23.).