Szirácsik Éva (szerk.): A Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum Közleményei 2016-2017 (Budapest, 2017)

Kónya Annamária: Földesúri gazdálkodás Zemplén és Ung vármegyékben a 18. században Homonna, Nagymihály és Szobránc példáján

akik az ország északkeleti részeiben elsőként vezettek be korszerűbb gazdálkodási módszereket (istállózás, takarmánytermesztés) és új mezőgazdasági növényeket (kukorica, dohány, burgonya). Azon felül felújítottak és szintén modernizáltak több gazdasági objektumot, mint a sörfőzdéket, égetőket, vagy malmokat.

ABSTRACT

Manorial farming in 18th-century Zemplén and Ung Counties, with Homonna, Nagymihály and Szobránc as examples

Annamária Kónya

The paper gives a short presentation of the manorial farming practice of the market towns of Homonna and Nagymihály in upper Zemplén County and the smaller Szobránc in Ung County. After the Treaty of Szatmár manorial farming spread to Zemplén and Ung Counties as well. During the 18th century, under changing economic and social conditions the size and importance of peasant farms gradually descreased. Larger manorial estates played an increasingly significant role in the development of the rural economy. The formation of such estates was greatly facilitated by the destruction and depopulation of large areas caused by the plague epidemic that broke out during the uprising led by Ferenc II Rákóczi, and these areas were transformed into manorial lands by the great landowners. The largest manors were obviously formed in the focal points of the large estates, where magnates established their residences. Various farm ventures, such as mills, pubs, breweries, distilleries, inns and brick kilns played an increasingly important role in manorial economy from the early 18th century, since these provided a larger income to the owner than agricultural production. In order to ensure production and maintenance, most of these, except mills, were leased to Jewish tenants from the early 18th century. The greatest landowners in upper Zemplén and western Ung were the Sztáray, who were the first in the northeast of the country to introduce modem farming methods (stabling, fodder production) and novel crops (maize, tobacco, potatoes). Furthermore, they renovated and also modernised several agricultural outbuildings such as breweries, kilns and mills.

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