Szirácsik Éva (szerk.): A Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum Közleményei 2016-2017 (Budapest, 2017)
Kónya Péter: Adatok a szőlő- és bortermeléshez a ma már nem létező északi bortermő területeken Zemplén és Ung vármegyében
ségü bort termeltek, amelyet sikeresen tudtak elhelyezni mind a hazai, mind a lengyelországi piacokon. Többségükben ez a foglalkozás még a 18. század folyamán eltűnt a gazdasági életből, és ott is, ahol mindmáig megmaradt, már régen elveszítette hajdani jelentőségét. A szőlők egy része a klímaváltozások folytán, másik a birtokviszonyok változásai miatt pusztult el. Azok, amelyek maradtak rendszerint nem tudtak versenyezni a sokkal jobb természeti adottságokkal rendelkező borvidékekkel. így a nehezebben termelt és alacsonyabb minőségi borok kiszorultak a piacról, és legfeljebb az uradalmi kocsmák, vagy maguk a termelők fogyasztását tudták kielégíteni. ABSTRACT Contributions to the vini- and viticulture in now defunct northern wine districts in Zemplén and Ung Counties Péter Kónya Due to several reasons winemaking in the 16th and 17th centuries played a far more important role in the country’s economy than today. The situation was similar in the Upper Hungarian counties as well. Since it was more widely consumed in the early modem period, wine had a significant economic importance. High quality wines were exported to Poland, mid-range wines were sold in national markets and low quality wines in manorial inns. This study examines wine districts where viticulture played an important role in the early modem period but then its significance gradually decreased and finally it either disappeared completely or only continued to play a marginal role in the local economy. This process had many causes; apart from climate change the main reason was the downturn in the Polish export and the growth of winemaking in the formerly Turkish-occupied areas. The essay examines the winemaking of three settlements in Ung County and five in Zemplén County, based on the survey of contemporary sources: Kaluzsa and Klokocsó in Ung with the market towns of Gálszécs, Homonna and Varannó as well as Bacskó and Hencóc villages in Zemplén. Vini- and viticulture played a significant role in these settlements in the early modern period. Winemaking was general in both manorial and peasant farms. Due to the northern location of the area most of the wines were produced for local consumption, only in exceptional cases did they enter trade. Winemaking in these settlements generally disappeared by the 18th century, the still remaining vineyards now only supply local consumers. 162
