Fehér György szerk.: A Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum Közleményei 1992-1994 (Budapest, 1994)

11. Nemzetközi Gazdaságtörténeti Kongresszus, 1994., Milánó (llth International Economic History Congress) - FÜLÖP ÉVA MÁRIA: Changing forms of employment at the landed-property of Benedictine Monastery of Tihany (Hungary) after the liberations of serfs (1848-1949)

Although in Hungary it were the above mentioned laws of April of the year 1848 that laid the foundations for the bourgeois development: it took plaee inconsistently — considering that the situation of cotters having not land remained unsolved, the fulfilment of commassations and the solution of the matter of vine-tithe dragged on — the abrogation of villain socage and seigniorial soke and the enactment of the right of possessing landed estate by commoners assured the possibility of the evolvement of capitalist development in Hungarian agriculture. After 1848 — within the triplet function of feudal latifundium — the importance of management became conspicous simultaneously with gradual decrease of the role of public administration and jurisdiction. After having lost the services rendered by the serfs in the form of crops, money and unpaid labour, the secular latifundia established producing farms of capitalist character with own management only on a part of their territory while in a considerable part of the domains capitalist tenures were established. On the other hand, in the estates of the chrueh — with few exceptions — tenures had far lesser role, own management dominated. The lands of the Benedictine Abbey of Tihany were situated in counties Veszprém and Zala on the northern shore of Balaton lake, and in county Somogy on the southern shore of Balaton. Tihany, Aszófő, Fülöp, Kis-Szőlős, Örvényes, Tósok (till its sale in 1886) as well as Balatonfüred belonged to the formers, farm-steads Szántód, Kapoly, Tóköz, Jaba and Endréd, Teleki belonged to the latters. The landed-property was divided into two districts: that of Zala, with the centre Tihany and the estates situated in Somogy county. The area of the properly amounted to about sixteen thousand cadastral yokes (9000 ha). War events of the war of independence in 1848-49 did not cause serious damages in the property at all. Radical change was brought by the above mentioned laws of April, i. e. the abrogation of feudal services. According to contemporary calculations in consequence of the abrogation of socage system the incomes of the Benedictine Abbey of Tihany decreased by thirty-four thousand forints. The serfs claims were more radical all over the country than the laws enacted: in November 1848 at their farmstead Jaba several serfs 'did not fulfil their contractual debt. The replacement of lost socager labour meant the greatest worry for the monastery. At the central farm-stead Szántód already in May it had to employ several wage farm labourers in the estate. At Jaba seven further farm labourers, in the farm-stead Tóköz, two further workforce with four-oxen yokes became necessary to employ (it was from the latter place that the manor of Endréd was cultivated as well). In 1855 in the manor of Szánlód beside the farm-bailiff and chief hunter among the farm employees 12 farm-labourers, 7 foot-labourers, one shepherd, one herdsman and one stableman, among the craftsmen one cartwright and a cooper supervising the cellar as well, beside him at the vineyard further two vineyardists, while among the forestry staff 3 foresters were in the service of the monastery. A liveried attendant, a coachman and the fieldguard of Tóköz complemented the staff. They were paid in cash and in crops. The proportion of this latter practically remained significant over the whole period un-