Technikatörténeti szemle 16. (1986-87)

TANULMÁNYOK - Dóka Klára: Iparosműhelyek a töröktől felszabadult Budán

KLARA DOKA: INDUSTRIAL WORKSHOPS IN BUDA LIBERATED FROM THE TURKS The paper deals with an interesting epoch of Budapest's industrial history; it investigates how life of artisans restarted after the Turks had been expelled from Buda, how craftsmen resettling or immigrating from abroad equipped their workshops. In the first part the author presents a picture — based on statistics — on the number of workshops and on their distribution among branches. According to conscriptions in 1688, 1702, 1714 and 1720 metal and metal processing industries promoting technological development were of particular significance in Buda; however, from the second decade of the 18th century on, signs of decline are observable. Work in the workshops was largely influenced by feudal rules (guild privileges, regulation of prices). At this stage guild rules (time of apprenticeship, itineration) still promoted development. Regarding the equipment of the workshops, inventories of estate yield a good picture. The first extant inventory is from 1688; eight others exist going back till the end of the 17th century. From 1700 on the workshop inventories become increasingly diversified. At the time tools were held in high esteem; in some branches they represented an important part of the craftsman's wealth. The level of equipment indicates the quality of the work and simultaneously the material position of the craftsman. The tools were supplied partly by local smiths and locksmiths and partly by merchants who — by furnishing increasingly specialized tools — contributed largely to technological development. The paper includes five workshop inventories from the beginning of the 18th century, allowing to assess the stage of development of craftmanship of the time. The pictures represent family seals of artisans in which tools are depicted.