Technikatörténeti szemle 4. (1967)

TANULMÁNYOK - Vajda Endre: 100 éves a Nemzetközi Távíróegyesület (1865–1965)

betrieb, die bislang unterschiedliche Methoden, Verfahren und Organe besaßen. Der Zusammenschluß geschah unter dem Namen ITU (International Telecommunication Union, Zwischenstaatlicher Verein für Fernmeldewesen). 1957 vereinigten sich CCIT und OCIF zu CCITT (Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique) mit einem Zentralbüro in Genf. E. VAJDA 100 YEARS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (1865—1965) Telecommunication must not limit itself to the territory of one country, it has to create quick and perfect intercommunication with foreign states and distant continents. Improving the telecommunication techniques and constantly expanding its range, nations of the world should take into consideration each other both in the construction of technical installations and regarding operational, control or maintenance activities. According to the international profile of telecommunication the necessity has long ago arisen to coordinate certain services toy means of agreements, mutually accepted regulations or recommendations involving technical details discussed and acknowledged at international sessions. Problems connected with the starting of international telegraph traffic and network extension were regulated first at an international telegraph meeting in Paris, in 1865. The International Telegraph Union was then founded. This conference was followed by a number of others. From 1926 the International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy {CCIT — Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique) has been studying technical questions regarding telegraph service and its recommendations have been taken into consideration by all directories participating in the international traffic. Constant international connection became necessary on the field of telephone communication, too. Before World War I the notion prevailed that technical problems could be cleared at irregular conferences, where technical experts from European post directories would lecture on these questions and subsequent discussions would contribute to favourable solutions. At such meetings basic principles of more important technical problems were reviewed, but no attention was paid to constructional and operational questions, their systematization and |the acceptance of draft resolutions, giving a guidance to directories in designing and maintaining their apparatus. The International Consultative Committee for Telephone Communications (CC1F — Comité Consultatif International des Communications Téléphoniques à Grande Distance) was founded in Paris only in 1924. Later on it became the authoritative council of all technical, operational, administrative and tariff problems on the field of telephone communication. Radio-telegraph service gained an important role in international telecommunication as well. Its problems were cleared at an international conference in Berlin, in 1906. The first radio-telegraph agreement was then accepted, too. Later on — in accordance with technical development — this was repeatedly modified. Regulation of radiotechnical questions connected with operation are undertaken now by the International Consultative Committee for Radiocommucitation (COIR — Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications), which was founded according to the decision of the Washington International Radio Conference in 1927. The 1932 Madrid World Conference gave a rather unified organization to the telegraph, telephone and radiotechnical consultative committees, working up to then with different methods, procedures and organizations. They adopted the name International Telecommunication Union. In 1957 the CCIT and COIF united to create the International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony (CCITT — Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et. Téléphonique). The administrative body of CCITT, the central office, resides in Geneva.