A Közlekedési Múzeum Évkönyve 14. 2003-2004 (2005)

IV. RÉSZ • A Közlekedési Múzeum gyűjteményeiből 265 - Rövid tartalmi összefoglaló a Közlekedési Múzeum XIV. Évkönyvéhez (magyar, angol, német nyelven) 294

After removing the mines from the Danube the Central Transport Management (KSZV) started the shipping already in December 1916. The most important task was the transport of grain from Rumania. Besides the beginning of shipping a number of other important questions had to be arranged during the year of 1917, e.g. the distribution of the spoils of war and the arrangement of the transport on the Danube. About the regulation of the shipping on the Danube the Central Transport Management concluded an agreement with the Prussian and with the Bulgarian Ministry of War. 88 per cent of the goods carried by the ships of the Central Transport Management through the Iron Gate uphill was grain. From these goods being of vital importance for the Central Powers more than 1,2 million tons were carried on water-way to the Monarchy and to Germany in 1917. László Magó: The Travel Concessions Of The Commuters Before 1945. The transport of people working, or learning in the capital but living in the region of Budapest was and is carried out by various transport companies. In 1877 the following four transport companies took a role in the passenger traffic of Budapest: the Hungarian Royal State Railways, the Austrian State Railway, the South Railway and the Danube Steamship Company. One part of these companies ceased to exist, or was taken over by the State Railways, or new companies have been established (e.g. BHÉV Rt, BSZKRT). The most significant were the Hungarian Royal State Railways, consequently the Author demonstrated the tariff policy of the railway. The Hungarian Royal State Railways were under the supervision of the minister for trade and transport affairs. His duty was the control of the railway policy, the determination of the tariff system, the establishment of tariffs and the rules of tariff calculation and the granting of tariff reduction. The railway transport had been expensive and even the business report of the years 1876-77 mentioned that due to the high fares the passenger traffic decreased in a great degree. The minister Gábor Baross introduced in 1889 the zone tariff, which resulted in a significant increase of the incomes of passenger traffic. In the further part of the study the Author makes the reader aquainted with the two basic groups of allowances, i.e. the possible variants of the permanent (or standard) and the occassional allowances. József Soltész: Trevithick's Steam Lokomotive Is 200 Years Old. The steam locomotive built by the English Richard Trevithick hauled 200 years ago, on the 21st February 1804, on the factory siding of the Penydarran Iron Works successfully a train consisting of 5 wagons. The steam locomotive hauled railway as one of the most significant inventions of the 19th century revolutionized the inland traffic and played a determinative role in the railway traction. The Autor gives a short overview about the development of the steam engines in the introduction of his study. The construction of the low-pressure steam engines was modernized during the 100-year period between 1698 and 1800 as a result of various experiments and the most imortant components were developed during this period. The low-pressure steam engines had been made perfect by James Wait, but these engines were not suitable to drive land vehicles because of their large dimensions. By application of high-pressure steam and double operation it became possible to reduce the dimensions and to fit these engines in vehicles. The first usable steam-coach was built by the French Nicolas Josef Cugnot in 1769. Trevithick devoted his whole life to the development and wide application of the high-pressure steam engine. He built three working models, i.e. two steam locomotives and one stationary steam engine. On the basis of the model tests he constructed in 1801 his road steam locomotive and in 1803 his famous steam-coach of London. Between 1803 and 1808 Trevihick built altogether four railway steam locomotives. About the putting into service or the test run of the first locomotive remained no written material. The test runs of the second railway locomotives had taken place in February 1804 and about these runs authentic records were prepared. The third locomotive was completed in 1805, the fourth one in 1808. 308