A Közlekedési Múzeum Évkönyve 12. 1999-2000 (2001)

IV. RÉSZ • A Közlekedési Múzeum gyűjteményeiből 317 - Rövid tartalmi összefoglaló a Közlekedési Múzeum XII. Évkönyvéhez (magyar, angol, német nyelven) 367

vehicle transport had a great boom. Not that was the case in Hungary, the impulse of the second industrial revolution at the turn of the century got jammed. The sudden stop of the railway development was not followed by a great forging ahed of the motor vehicle transport. The reason of the slow development of the motorization in Hungary between the two world wars was the railwaycentric transport policy of the government defending the railways and unparalleled in Europe. The government applied a number of means to hold back the motor vehicle transport and curb the competition between the Hungarian State Railways and the motor vehicle transport developing during the second half of the 1920s. The MÁV (Hungarian Sate Railways) itself was striving to organize the passenger and freight traffic on the road by legistlative way in interest of keeping its monopol position among the traffic branches and stopping the competition created by the motor vehicle transport. From the study we can learn that the co-ordination of branches and means of transport, as a transport policy principle, i.e. as a government programme has been drawn up at the first time in 1932. Parallel with this the government entrusted the State Railways by its permit issued in 1933 with the operation of a motor vehicle company for the local freight transport on the whole territory of Hungary. János Hídvégi: From The Carburetter Till The Injector. The Author reviews in his study in detail the more than 100-year old history of the development of fuel injection of internal combustion engines. In the first time the operation of engines was realized by changing the liquid state, i.e. by evaporation. The first usable evaporating device was Gottlieb Deimler's patent obtained in 1876. These devices were not suitable for engines operating between larger speed limits and furthermore they were not safe. In the last two decades of the 19th century two Hungarian inventors, János Csonka and Donát Bánki were working on the improvement of the internal combustion engine. As a result of their experiments they developed the carburetter providing always the proper fuel and air mixture necessary for the current operation of the engine. Accordingly their invention, the "carburetter" has been patented as the first all over the world on the 11th February, 1893. This originally simple device consisting only of a few parts became a very sofisticated equipment by now containing electronics, too. The construction of the carburetter changed in an extremely great extent in the last more than 100 years. The creation of the carburetter made possible the further development and the safe and economic operation of the internal combustion engines. The carburetter has been equipped with a lot of auxiliary equipment, but its principle of operation is still as that of the carburetter of János Csonka and Donát Bánki. Mária Kemény: The History Of The "Owlery", The Terminal Of The Horse-Trammway And Later Of The Tramway. The Author demonstrates the building, which has been built as a pub in the 18th century at the border between the town Pest and the surrounding smaller settlements, Rákospalota and Káposztásmegyer, along the public road to Vác. In 1831, when Újpest had been established the town started to develop rapidly and its population grew in a great extent. The public transport between Pest and Újpest became a necessity. As the sixth in Europe a share company has been established with the goal to construct a horse-tramway between the two towns. The company concluded an agreement of 40 years with the town. By 1861 the line was completed on the border between Pest and Újpest and the first horsetramway terminal was erected on the area belonging to the pub reconstructed in the meantime. The formal opening of the horse-tramway took place on the 1st August 1866. The designs of the building complex containing the carriage houses, stables, stores and the stable overseer's flat have been permitted by János Wagner master builder in 1867. The Author reports first of all on the architectural solutions and decorative elements of the pub building. The building - which went over into the property of BKV (Transport Company, Budapest) until the opening of the metro and served as a tramway depot till the reconstruction of the Váci street in 1981 - has been rebuilt several times, but in all cases the viewpoints of protection of historic buildings have been taken into consideration and no significant demage was caused. Dr. Zsuzsa Frisnyák: The Road Traffic In The 1950s. The modification of the Hungarian road traffic according to Soviet control and operating model has been put on the agenda in 1949. The fulfilment of this duty was the responsibility of the Ministry of Traffic and Posts. The so-called socialist modification 378