Weiner Mihályné szerk.: Az Iparművészeti Múzeum Évkönyvei 6. (Budapest, 1963)

HOPP FERENC MÚZEUM - MUSÉE FERENC HOPP - Rásonyi, Lydia: A Demon Mask from Ceylon

With later masks these details are usually marked with painting. Thus in all probability we may date the mask of our museum to the eighteenth century. It cannot be more recent thus deserving a place among the most valuable masks known by scientific literature. NOTES 1 Callaiuay, John: Yakkun Nattanawa and Kolan Nattanawa. London, 1829. 2 Grünwedel, Albert: Singhalesische Masken. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, VI (1893) 3

Pertold, Otakar: Archív Orientálny, I. (1929), II (1930), XIII (1942). Praha. 4 Wirz, Paul: Exorcismus und Heilkunde auf Ceylon. Bern, 1941. 5 Lucas, Heinz: Ceylon-Masken. Eisenach—Kassel, 1958. 6 Wirz: op. cit. p. 62. 7 The word kolam is the plural of the word kolama, ,,single type of mask". As a loanword in the Tamil language, it means ,,costume". The word netima stands for dancing; natanava (the infinitive) means ,,to dance". Lucas: op. cit. p. 7. 8

Pertold: Archív Orientálny, II. (1930) p. 243. 9 The word-yakum (yakun) means ,,demon rites". 10 Lucas: op. cit. p. 139. 11 The word qara means ,,disease, poison; to swallow, to grip". Yakuma and tofvjile mean ,,ceremony". 12 Sanniya is ,,disease"; yaka means ,,demon". 13 The word purnaka means ,,fat". 14 One of the four guardians of the world

. 15 Demon god, entrusted with the task of corroborating the Buddhist doctrine in Ceylon. ™Pertold: Archív Orientálny II (1930) p. 243. 11 Lucas: op cit.; Pertold: op. cit.; Die Ceylon-Sammlung des Museums Umlauff Hamburg. Hamburg, 1900. 18 See the explanation of Purnaka Yaka above; rassaya means „démon". 19 Lucas: op. cit. p. 119. 20 Archív Orientálny II (1930), XXVIII. 1-2. 21 Modern chemical paints have been used in the East since the seventies of the last century.