Tanulmányok Budapest múltjából 33. 2006- 2007 (2007)

Forrás - Gyulai Éva: Suaevorum bellica virtus - emblémák Buda visszafoglalásáról

Gyulai, Éva SUAEVORUM BELLICA VIRTUS EMBLEMS OF THE REOCCUPATION OF BUDA (Additives to the history of the Swabian/Bavarian-Hungarian relations) There has been an emblem-book(/n memóriám gloriosae victoriae Hungaricae a Germanorum fortissimo exercitu... anno Christi 1686 de Tu reis report atae emblamata. Augsburg, Göbel, 1687) in the basic collection of the National Széchényi Library, from the very beginning, which was published when Buda was liberated from the Turkish occupation, in Augsburg (OSZK RNYT Röpl. 987). Two copies of it is held in the Bayerische Saatsbibliothek in Munich (BSB Res/4 Turc. 94,26). The emblem is of seven copper engravings, surrounded with poems in German and Latin. It is a propaganda of the liberation of the capital of Hungary from 150 years of Turkish occupation. The unknown Swabian author also wrote about his literature sources, so based on the emblem book we can get a wider view on the literary-historic education of contemporary German literary-men. The poet and engraver draws a lot from the emblem-literature of the time and even more from the emblems published in great numbers in Germany, still considering the iconography and the poetic ingenuity they create an independent piece. The poem of the second emblem, in which the Bavarian elector and the Lord High Stewart of the Empire offers the freed Buda castle on a salver to his father-in-law, emperor I. Lipót. This scene shows great similarity to a Max Emanuel medallion's text, contemporary of that time from Augsburg (Göhl 54.). The makers are probably the same. The emblem book, a leaflet rather is a propaganda about the role of II. Maximilian Emanuel and the Bavarian and Swabian army in the liberation of Buda and Hungary. While in Hungary the Habsburg-propaganda connected the liberation to I. Lipót, or rather to Károly of Lotharingia, in Bavaria and Swabia they talked about the victory of the German army and Max Emanuel. The emblems show that the author knew Hungarian history well, he mentions several chronicle from the Middle and the New Age, as his source. The first emblem revives the special way of crowning the Hungarian Queens, according to a Czech chronic. The specialty of the act is how during the crowning ceremony a courtier hits the crown off the queen's head. The author also knows well the Augsburg history of the battle at Lech fields, since he mentions the heroism of the Swabian army against the Hungarians. He also mentions about the legend, how the weaver trade guild of Augsburg had obtained a shield of a Hungarian officer who had fallen on the Lech field, therefore they received the Hungarian yellow-red quartered field illustration on their guild code of arms, from the Emperor. The guild still has uses it (VI. Emblem). The story of the battle won against the Hungarian and the code of arms donation was painted on the outside wall of the Weberhaus in Augsburg in 1606. The citizens saw the heroism of their heroes. The poet of the emblem book was probably inspired from the icons and the depth of the Augsburg tradition. The second part of the study shows the emblems, the engraved pictures and the poems in German - written in Alxandriner - and in Latin - from Distichon (called picture and subscriptio in emblem's literature). It also contains the Hungarian translations of the poems and the describing text.